| 黄海霞，韩国君，陈延昭，郭艳红，陈年来.调亏灌溉对绿洲干旱环境下辣椒叶片光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):108~113 |
| 调亏灌溉对绿洲干旱环境下辣椒叶片光合特性的影响 |
| Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics of Capsicum annum in dry oasis environment |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.04.021 |
| 中文关键词: 调亏灌溉 辣椒 气体交换 叶绿素荧光参数 |
| 英文关键词:deficit irrigation Capsicum annuum gas exchange chlorophyll fluorescence parameters |
| 基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题（2007BAD881307）；甘肃农业大学科技创新基金项目（GAU-CX1019） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以制干辣椒品种美国红为试验材料，在石羊河下游干旱绿洲大田条件下，设置3个调亏处理（轻度、中度、重度调亏）和正常灌水，研究结果盛期叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律，为辣椒水分管理提供理论参考。结果表明，在正常灌水、轻度调亏条件下，光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化分别呈双峰和单峰曲线，在中度和重度调亏下均呈单峰曲线。调亏灌溉使叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著降低，随着调亏程度的增加，光合下降过程中非气孔限制因素作用的时间提前和延长，叶片水分利用效率显著降低。轻度调亏对叶片光合色素含量和PSⅡ荧光参数的影响不显著；中度调亏下，叶绿素含量显著降低，类胡萝卜素含量下降不明显，PSⅡ潜在活性和量子产额显著降低，PSⅡ反应中心的光化学活性受到了明显抑制，最大光化学效率和电子传递速率无明显变化，非光化学猝灭系数显著升高，热耗散对光合机构起到了重要的保护作用；重度调亏对光合色素含量、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响均达显著水平，PSⅡ系统受到明显损伤。该时期轻度调亏对辣椒叶片PSⅡ系统影响不显著，在降低光合速率的同时，更大幅度地降低了蒸腾速率，提高了叶片水分利用效率，可以实现节水增效。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Three deficit irrigation treatments (light, moderate and severe deficit irrigation) and normal irrigation as control were tested on Meiguohong (dried variety of Capsicum annuum) in the field of dry oasis in the lower reaches of Shiyanghe River in attempt to investigate the effects of
deficit regulated irrigation (RDI) on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at flourishing stage of Capsicum annuum, and to provide some theoretical reference for water management of Capsicum annuum. The results showed that the diurnal variation curves of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) demonstrated two-peak and one-peak curve respectively under normal irrigation (CK) and light regulated deficit irrigation (LD), and showed one-peak curve under moderate regulated deficit irrigation (MD) and severe deficit irrigation (SD). RDI significantly reduced Pn, Tr and stomatal conductance(Gs). With the increase of water deficit, the non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis appeared earlier and prolonged, causing significant reduction in water use efficiency. The effect of LD on the content of photosynthetic pigment and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was not significant. Under MD treatment, the content of chlorophyll decreased significantly, but the content of carotenoid had not obvious decrease. Potential activity of PSⅡ and quantum yield of PSⅡ decreased significantly, indicating remarkable inhibition in photochemical activity of PSⅡ; The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ and electric transport rate had no obvious change but non-photochemical quenching increased noticeablely, which indicated that heat dissipation played important role in the protection of photosynthetic apparatus. The effects of SD on photosynthetic pigment content, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significant, and the PSⅡsystem was severely damaged. The LD treatment had no significant affect on photosystem II, but improved WUE and substantially decreasedTr than Pn, which may lead to the improvement of water use efficiency. |
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