| 王世红,吴 兵.旧膜二次利用方式对旱地胡麻生长特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):8~14 |
| 旧膜二次利用方式对旱地胡麻生长特性及产量的影响 |
| Effects of different processing patterns of used plastic film on growth characters and yield of dryland oil flax |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.06.002 |
| 中文关键词: 旧地膜 二次利用方式 胡麻 生长特性 产量 |
| 英文关键词:used film reuse pattern oil flax, growth character yield |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技重大专项(1203NKDF018)；甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目(GNSW2012-12) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在大田环境下，研究了5种旧膜处理方式对旱地胡麻生育进程中叶面积、干物质累积、净同化率（NAR）、相对增长率（RGR）及产量和产量构成因子的影响。结果表明：在花前营养生长期，播种前收除旧膜并覆盖新膜免耕播种（T4）与当年收除旧膜并整地覆盖新膜、翌年播种（T5）处理较当年全膜覆盖作物收获后收除旧膜、翌年整地播种（T6）（无覆膜对照）对提高胡麻叶面积影响最为显著，但花期及花后各处理与对照相比无显著差异。胡麻总干物质在花前T4、T5处理较T6积累量最多，其中分器官茎、叶干物质呈现相同趋势，花后T5处理跃居首位。NAR因处理和生育时期不同而有所差异，表现为生育前期T4高于其它处理，生育后期T5处理最优的结果；RGR在枞形期-现蕾期T4、T5处理较对照分别上升20.45%和16.12%，而花期T5处理表现最高，二者均呈现出与其干物质积累动态相一致的趋势。5种处理方式均提高了有效分枝数和千粒重，对蒴果数和每果籽粒数影响不大，其中T4、T5处理下胡麻籽粒产量分别达到了1 024.95 kg·hm-2和996.15 kg·hm-2，比对照显著增产120.91%、114.71%，旧膜留至翌年免耕播种（T1）、在旧膜上覆土免耕播种（T2）、当年作物收获后在旧膜上覆盖玉米秸秆、翌年去除秸秆免耕播种（T3）与对照T6产量差异不显著。可见，收获后留旧膜、翌年收旧膜覆新膜免耕播种的处理方式有利于提高生长速率和干物质累积，进而获得高产，而结合生产效益，收获后留旧膜翌年直接播种（T1）方式为干旱半干旱胡麻种植区旧膜再利用的最优选择。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of 5 processing patterns of used plastic film on leaf area, dry matter accumulation, net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR), yield and yield components of dryland oil flax. The results indicated that, compared with the treatment of T6 (collecting used film just after harvest with land preparation and no mulch sowing in the next year), the treatments of T4 (collecting used film with replacement by new plastic film and no tillage sowing in the next year) and T5 (collecting used film with replacement by new plastic film just after harvest and land preparation and sowing in the next year) increased the leaf area significantly during vegetative growth period before flowering, while there was no significant difference among the 6 treatments in and after flowering stage. Total dry matter of oil flax was accumulated rapidly under the treatments of T4 and T5 before flowering, and T5 expressed the highest accumulation after flowering. Meanwhile, dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves also presented an identical trend. NAR varied as a result of different treatments and different growth stages, i.e., it was the highest under T4 in early growth stage but under T5 in late growth stage. RGR under the treatments of T4 and T5 was also increased by 20.45% and 16.12%, respectively, compared to that under the control (T6) during fir shaped stage to budding stage, but that under T5 was the highest in flo
wering stage. All of the 5 processing patterns increased the effective branching number and 1000 grain weight of oil flax, but no significant effect was found in capsule number per plant and seed number per capsule. Under the treatments of T4 and T5, the yields of oil flax were increased by 120.91% and 114.71%, respectively, over the control, but there was no significant difference among the yields of T1 (keeping used film in field with no till sowing on it in the next year), T2 (keeping used film in field with soil covering and no till sowing on it in the next year), T3 (straw mulching on used film just after harvest and straw removing and no mulch sowing in the next year) and the control. In conclusion, the processing pattern of T4 was beneficial to improve the growth rate and dry matter accumulation, and to realize high yield of oil flax; considering the production benefit, T1 was the best choice to reuse plastic film for planting oil flax in arid and semiarid regions. |
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