| 章建新,赵 明，图尔贡,卡地尔亚.南疆灌区冬小麦/夏玉米改良模式增产潜力与机理分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):15~21 |
| 南疆灌区冬小麦/夏玉米改良模式增产潜力与机理分析 |
| Yield potential and mechanism analysis for the improved cropping system of winter wheat and summer corn within the oasis irrigation region of South Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.06.003 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 夏玉米 “521模式” 超高产 边际效应 干物质积累 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat summer corn ‘521 pattern’ super high yield marginal effect dry matter accumulation |
| 基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2009BADA4B01-1）资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 田间试验系统地比较了新冬20/沈玉2002不同套种模式（“522模式”与“952模式”）及“521模式”下保麦10号/蠡玉35、保麦10号/登海3672、新冬20/蠡玉35的产量、叶面积指数、光合势及干物质积累等性状的差异。结果表明，“522模式”新冬20/沈玉2002周年产量（17 838.2 kg·hm-2）较“952模式”(16 550.9 kg·hm-2)增产7.8%，其中，冬小麦增产18.4%。“521模式”保麦10号/蠡玉35、保麦10号/登海3672、新冬20/蠡玉35周年产量为19 905.0～20 751.0 kg·hm-2，其中，冬小麦产量为9 740～10 275 kg·hm-2、夏玉米产量为9 630～10 211.0 kg·hm-2；冬小麦孕穗期和开花期叶面积指数分别为6.0、5.0左右，返青至成熟的总光合势290.2～324.3×104·m2·d·hm-2；夏玉米生育期111 d,大喇叭口期至吐丝后20 d的叶面积指数均保持在4左右，生育期间总光合势233.1～257.5×104·m2·d·hm-2，冬小麦和玉米总光合势为523.3～581.8×104·m2·d·hm-2；总干物质量38 569.1～40 487.0 kg·hm-2；冬小麦产量的边际效应为85.7%～112.9%。“521模式”比“952模式”大幅度增产，是小麦行数和边行数及边际产量增大的结果，并将夏玉米播期提至麦收前15 d左右，延长玉米生育期（达110 d左右），优化株行配置使玉米增产显著，实现全年超高产。“521模式”同时充分利用了冬小麦边际补偿效应和玉米时间补偿效应，较“952模式”易获得周年超高产。并对超高产栽培技术进行了讨论。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Under field conditions, two inter planting patterns, ‘522 pattern’ and ‘952 pattern’, of Xindong20 and Shenyu2002 were compared, and Baomai10 and Liyu35, Baomai10 and Denghai3672, Xindong20 and Liyu35, were compared with ‘521 inter-planting pattern’ mainly for the yield, leaf are
a, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation. The results showed that the annual yield was increased for the ‘522 pattern’ (17 838.2 kg·hm-2) of Xindong20 and Shenyu2002 by 7.8%, as compared with the ‘952 pattern’ (yield 16 550.9 kg·hm-2). For winter wheat, the yield increased by 18.4%. The annualproduction of ‘521 pattern’ of Baomai10 and Liyu35, Baomai1
0 and Denghai3672, Xindong20 and Liyu35 were 19 905.0～20 751.0 kg·hm-2, while for winter wheat yield were 9 740～10 275 kg·hm-2, and corn yield were 9 630 kg·hm-2～10 211.0 kg·hm-2. Leaf area index of winter wheat were 6.0 and 5.0 at booting and flowering stage, respectively. The photosynthetic potential ranged from 290.2×104·m2·d·hm-2 to 324.3×104·m2·d·hm-2 between turning green and mature stage. The growth stage of summer corn was 111 days, the leaf area index maintained at four from large bell stage to grain filling stage, while that of photosynthetic potential was 233.1×104·m2·d·hm-2～257.5×104·m2·d·
hm-2. the total photosynthetic potential of wheat and corn was 523.3×104·m2·d·hm-2 and 581.8×104·m2·d·hm-2, respectively. Total dry matter was 38 569.1～40 487.0 kg·hm-2. Marginal effect of winter wheat yield was 85.7%～112.9%. 521 pattern of winter wheat was outperform than ‘952 pattern’ because of it increased rows and boundary rows and boundary yield which led to marginal effect. Meanwhile, summer corn was planted at fifteen days after before wheat harvest, therefore extending growth period to nearly 110 days. In conclusion, the ‘521 pattern’ has advantages of marginal compensation and growth period extension over the ‘952 pattern’. |
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