夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响

张 春<sup>1; 2</sup>; 杨万忠<sup>1; 2</sup>; 韩清芳<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王 丹<sup>1; 2</sup>; 张 坤<sup>1; 2</sup>; 丁 静<sup>1; 2</sup>; 乔灵芝<sup>1; 2</sup>; 贾志宽<sup>1; 2</sup>

张春，杨万忠，韩清芳，王丹，张坤，丁静，乔灵芝，贾志宽.夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(2):66~72

夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响

Effects on soil nutrient and yield of winter wheat of planting different green manures during summer fallow

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.02.011

中文关键词: 绿肥夏闲期土壤养分冬小麦产量

英文关键词:green manure summer fallow period soil nutrients winter wheat yield

基金项目:国家“十二五”863课题（2013AA102902）；国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAD09B03）、（2011BAD29B09-1-3B）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（B12007）

作者	单位
张春^1，2，杨万忠^1，2，韩清芳^1，2，王丹^1，2，张坤^1，2，丁静^1，2，乔灵芝^1，2，贾志宽^1，2	(1.农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，陕西杨凌 712100； 2.西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

为探明种植绿肥作物对关中土壤肥力及冬小麦产量的影响效果，在夏闲期种植光叶苕子（Vicia villosa Rothvar）、毛叶苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）和草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.）等四种绿肥作物，以免耕休闲为对照，分析了冬小麦主要生育时期的土壤速效养分动态变化及其产量效应。结果表明，夏闲期种植绿肥的土壤速效磷、速效钾和碱解氮都有不同程度的提高，增加量主要受绿肥的养分含量以及生物量影响。与对照相比，种植并翻压光叶苕子、毛叶苕子、紫云英和草木樨，均可显著提高冬小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重，冬小麦依次增产21.1%（P＜0.05）、24.3%（P＜0.05）、6.0%和11.6%。

英文摘要:

〗In order to measure the effects of green manure cropping on soil fertilization and crop field in Guanzhong area, a field experiment, with bare fallow and no-tillage as control (CK), was conducted to study the effects of planting different green manures on the soil available nutrients and crop yield during summer fallow in Yangling of Shaanxi. Smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Rothvar), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) and sweet clover (Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb) were chosen as the green manure treatments. The results showed that the contents of soil Available P, Available K and Hydro-N were increased by planting green manures. The degree of increase was closely correlated with the nutrient content and biomass of the green manure crop. Compared with CK, the green manure treatments significantly affactedincrease ear number, kernel and 1000-kernl weight of per unit area of winter wheat, with the yield increased by 21.1%, 24.3%, 6.0%, and 11.6% for the four treatments of green manure crops, respectively.

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