张 燕，张富仓，袁宇霞，强生才，方栋平.灌水和施肥对温室滴灌施肥番茄生长和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(2):206~212
灌水和施肥对温室滴灌施肥番茄生长和品质的影响
The effect of irrigation and fertilization on growth and quality of tomato under fertigation in greenhouse
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.02.033
中文关键词:  滴灌施肥  灌水量  施肥量  产量  品质
英文关键词:fertigation  Irrigation quantity  fertilizer amount  y ield  quality
基金项目:国家“十二五”863计划课题（2011AA100504）；国家自然科学基金（50879073）
作者单位
张 燕，张富仓，袁宇霞，强生才，方栋平 （西北农林科技大学，旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，中国旱区节水农业研究院， 陕西 杨凌 712100） 
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中文摘要:
      本研究目的在于分析滴灌施肥技术下，不同水肥耦合模式对温室番茄的生长和品质的影响。试验选取番茄惠玉0806为试材，设100%ET0(I1)，75%ET0(I2)，50%ET0(I3) 3个水分水平，外加高肥〔F1(N 480 kg·hm-2、P2O5 240 kg·hm-2、K2O 300 kg·hm-2)〕，中肥〔F2(N 360 kg·hm-2、P2O5 180 kg·hm-2、K2O 225 kg·hm-2)〕，和低肥〔F3(N 240 kg·hm-2、P2O5 120 kg·hm-2、K2O 150 kg·hm-2)〕3个肥料水平，共9个处理。结果表明：水肥条件的高低与株高及茎粗成正相关，I2F2处理其产量、干物质累积量和灌溉水利用效率均最高，依次为102 042.3 kg·hm-2、37.19×103 kg·hm-2和37.3 kg·m-3。对番茄品质而言，其灌水量和施肥量之间表现出明显的耦合交互作用，I2F2处理其番茄Vc含量(27.05 mg·100g-1)、番茄红素含量(71.53 μg·g-1)均最高，糖酸比(9.57)显著低于其余处理，其可溶性固形物含量(7.3%)较最高值I3F1低24.7%。综上分析，中水中肥(I2F2)模式，在高产的同时，其品质总体优于其它处理，极端水肥措施均不利于番茄生长及品质的提高。
英文摘要:
      A greenhouse fertigation experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation and fertilization on growth and quality of tomato, which can provide a theoretical basis for the high yield and good quality water and fertilizer coupling model in this field. In the experiment, the tomato cultivar' HuiYu 0806' was chosen as experiment material, and designed with two factors and three levels, three irrigation amounts 〔I1 (100%ET0), I2(75%ET0), I3(50%ET0)〕, three NPK fertilizer application rates 〔F1(N480 kg·hm-2, P2O5 240 kg·hm-2, K2O 300 kg·hm-2), F2(N360 kg·hm-2, P2O5 180 kg·hm-2, K2O 225 kg·hm-2), F3(N 240 kg·hm-2，P2O5 120 kg·hm-2, K2O 150 kg·hm-2)〕, and three replicates. The result showed that there had a positively correlated between the tomato plant height, stem diameter and the levels of irrigation and fertilizer in terms of growth and water use, the combinations of fertilization and irrigation treatment (I2F2) had high yield (102 042.3 kg·hm-2), dry matter accumulation (37.19×103 kg·hm-2) and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE) (37.3 kg·m-3). There was a significant coupling effects of irrigation ration and fertilizer on the tomato quality. the I2F2 treatment had a high content of Vc content (27.05 mg·100g-1) and lycopene content (71.53 μg·g-1) and a low sugar-acid ratio (9.57), the soluble solids content (7.3%) in tomato fruits compared with other treatments. Based on the synthesis analysis, the I2F2 treatment has high yield and good quality compared with other irrigation and fertilization treatments.
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