冯国郡，再吐尼古丽·库尔班，朱 敏.盐碱地甜高粱光合特性及农艺性状变化研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):166~172
盐碱地甜高粱光合特性及农艺性状变化研究
Photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits of sweet sorghum in saline-alkaline soil
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.03.028
中文关键词:  甜高粱  光合特性  农艺性状  盐碱田
英文关键词:sweet sorghum  photosynthetic characteristics  agronomic traits  saline-alkaline soil
基金项目:新疆农业科学院优秀青年科技人才基金项目（xjnky-2012-023）；国家现代高粱产业技术体系项目（CARS-06-03）
作者单位
冯国郡1，2，再吐尼古丽·库尔班2，朱 敏2 （1.新疆农业大学 农学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052； 2.新疆农业科学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091） 
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中文摘要:
      选用甜高粱中早熟品种“新高粱3号”、中晚熟品种“新高粱9号”，研究了盐碱地种植条件下其其光合参数、农艺性状变化特征。结果表明：(1) 与对照田相比，盐碱地条件下参试品种生育期间叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、水分利用效率（WUE）、叶绿素SPAD值(SPAD)的平均值均较低，差异达极显著水平（P＜0.01），生育后期更为显著；新高粱3号在盐碱地的Pn、Gs、WUE、SPAD均值皆高于新高粱9号，Tr与Ci则低于新高粱9号。(2) 盐碱地新高粱3号生育期提前9 d，新高粱9号一直未抽穗。两品种盐碱地的生物产量分别低于对照田的57.8%和76.5%，含糖锤度分别低于对照田38.5%和100.0%。(3) 对照田新高粱3号、新高粱9号的Pn与Gs、PAR、Ta达到了极显著相关，新高粱3号的Pn和Tr达到显著相关；盐碱条件下，两品种的Pn与PAR、Ta、Ca达极显著和显著相关，与其它因子间相关不显著。甜高粱受盐碱胁迫净光合速率的下降原因抽穗前主要为气孔因素，抽穗后主要为非气孔因素。新高粱3号的耐盐碱能力强于新高粱9号。利用盐碱地种植甜高粱除选择合适的耐盐碱品种外，还应注重种植效益和土地质量保护等生态效益。
英文摘要:
      Two sweet sorghum cultivars, mid-early maturity cultivar “Xingaoliang 3” and mid-late maturity cultivar “Xingaoliang 9”, were planted in saline-alkaline soil. Photosynthetic characteristics and agronomic traits of them were studied. The result showed that: (1) Compared to control, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), water use efficiency(WUE), and SPAD value(SPAD) were significantly lower in saline-alkaline soil, especially at late growth period. Pn, Gs, WUE, and SPAD of Xingaoliang 3 were higher whereas Tr and Ci were lower than those of Xingaoliang 9 in saline-alkaline soil. (2) The growth durati on of “Xingaoliang 3” was shortened by 9 days, while “Xingaoliang 9” only survived until jointing stage in saline-alkaline soil. Compared to control, the biomass of two sweet sorghums in saline-alkaline soil was reduced by 57.8% and 76.5%, respectively, and sugar brix by 38.5% and 100%. (3) The correlation analysis indicated that Pn was highly correlated with Gs, PAR, and Ta. At early stage, the reduction in Pn was associated with stomatal limitation, whereas non-stomatal factor was the main cause after heading.
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