陈 骥，曹军骥，魏永林，张宝成，朱宝文，马宗泰.青海湖鸟岛水分梯度下草地生物量分配格局初步研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):202~208
青海湖鸟岛水分梯度下草地生物量分配格局初步研究
Primary study on the allocation pattern of grassland biomass under soil water gradient of Bird Island in Qinghai Lake
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.03.034
中文关键词:  草地  生物量  等速生长，土壤含水量  青海湖鸟岛流域
英文关键词:grassland  biomass  isometric growth  soil water content  Bird Island in Qinghai Lake
基金项目:国家十一五科技支撑计划项目“流域生态和环境综合监测与评估技术”(2007BAC30B01); 国家十二五科技支撑计划项目“青海湖流域天空地生态环境监测平台与示范”(2012BAH31B03)
作者单位
陈 骥1，2，曹军骥1，3，魏永林4，张宝成1，2，朱宝文5，马宗泰4 （1.中国科学院地球环境研究所，黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710075； 2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049； 3.西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院， 陕西 西安 710075； 4.青海省海北州海北牧业气象试验站，青海 海北州 810200； 5.青海省海北州气象台，青海 海北州 810200） 
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中文摘要:
      研究了青海湖鸟岛地区不同土壤水分梯度下个体与群落水平株高，根长和地上、地下生物量的分配。旨在：(1) 在小尺度上调查不同土壤水分梯度对草地高、根长和地上、地下生物量分配的影响；(2) 在个体和群落水平上检验同速生长理论；(3) 为青海湖周边地区地下生物量估计提供数据支持，并讨论环境因素对地下生物量与地上生物量比值(R/S)的影响。结果表明：个体水平上株高、根长、地上生物量、地下生物量都随土壤含水量的增加而降低；群落水平上地上生物量随土壤含水量的增加而增加，而地下生物量随土壤含水量的增加而降低。青海湖流域鸟岛地区个体水平上根长、株高比值的变化范围为0.3～6.0，均值和中值分别为1.6和1.3；个体水平地下生物量与地上生物量的比值也有较大的变化范围（0.4～11.3），均值和中值分别为2.5和1.5；群落水平地上生物量变化范围为221.59～352.77 g·m-2，地下生物量变化范围为741.98～1182.20 g·m-2，地下、地上生物量比值的变化范围为1.4～7.1，均值和中值分别为3.0和1.9。土壤水分在个体和群落水平上都影响到了植物株高、根长以及生物量的分配。基本表现为：个体水平上株高、根长、地上生物量、地下生物量都随土壤含水量的增加而降低；群落水平上地上生物量随土壤含水量的增加而增加，而地下生物量随土壤含水量的增加而降低。该区域草地生物量分配规律在个体和群落水平上都不支持等速生长假说。
英文摘要:
      In this paper, we have investigated the height, root length from the individual and community level and the allocation of biomass above and below ground under different soil water gradient of the Bird Island area in Qinghai Lake. In order to: (1) investigate the effects of different soil water gradient to the grassland height, root length, biomass above and below ground by small scale; (2) inspect the isospeed growth theory from the individual and community level; (3) provide data support to estimate the biomass belowground for the areas around Qinghai Lake and discuss the impact of environmental factor to R/S. The results showed that: From the individual level, the height, root le ngth and biomass above and below ground total were decreased with the increase of soil water content. From the community level, the biomass above ground were increased with the increase of soil water content; but the biomass below ground was decreased with the increase of soil water content. From individual level, the ratio between root length and height was 0.3 to 6.0, the mean and median values was 1.6 and 1.3, respectively; and the ratio between the biomass above and below ground was 0.4 to 11.3, the median and mean values was 2.5 and 1.5, respectively, From the community level, the change range of the biomass above ground was 221.59 to 352.77 g·m-2, the change range of the biomass bellow ground was 741.98 to 1182.20 g·m-2; the ratio between the biomass above and bellow ground was 1.4 to 7.1, the median and mean values was 3.0 and 1.9, respectively. The soil water content has affected the height, root length and allocation of the biomass whether the individual or community level. This basically expressed as: From the individual level, the height, root length and biomass above and below ground, total were decreased with the increase of soil water content. From the community level, the biomass above ground was increased with the increase of so il water content; but the biomass below ground was decreased with the increase of soil water content. In this area, the biomass distribution rule of the grassland don’t support the hypothesis of isospeed growth whether individual or community level.
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