王青青，于瑞德，沙 东，于 翔，陆亦农，任 伟.生物降解膜覆膜节水对沙砾土壤含水量及葡萄幼苗生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(4):102~106
生物降解膜覆膜节水对沙砾土壤含水量及葡萄幼苗生长的影响
Effects of biodegradable film mulch on water content of sandy soil and growth of grape seedlings
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2014.04.018
中文关键词:  生物降解膜  节水  葡萄  土壤含水量  生长指标
英文关键词:biodegradable film  water-saving  grape  soil water content  growth indicator
基金项目:中国科学院科研经费资助(Y372051)；新疆师范大学研究生科技创新项目(20131207)；新疆师范大学人文社会科学重点研究基地新疆城镇化发展研究中心资助(xjcsfz201203)
作者单位
王青青1,2，于瑞德2，沙 东3，于 翔2，陆亦农1，任 伟4 （1.新疆师范大学生命科学学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054； 2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 3.吐鲁番市林业局， 新疆 吐鲁番， 838000； 4.新疆林业厅， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046） 
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中文摘要:
      为了提高干旱半干旱地区水资源的利用率，加快生物降解膜的应用，以葡萄扦插苗为材料，在吐鲁番市二堡乡设置覆膜区和无覆膜区，其中覆膜区采用生物降解膜节水种植技术和3种不同膜（完全生物降解膜、半生物降解膜、普 通膜）处理，持续观测90 d，以无覆膜及覆膜区内普通膜为对照，分析生物降解膜作用下沙砾土壤含水量及葡萄幼苗生长的变化。结果表明：覆膜区比无覆膜区节水可达到60%；覆膜作用下可明显增加10～40 cm沙砾土层含水量，保水性能均高于无覆膜对照；覆膜区完全生物降解膜作用明显增加了葡萄幼苗的发芽数、叶片数、叶面积、新梢宽度生长量、新梢节数生长量；半生物降解膜明显增加了幼苗的发芽数、叶片数、叶面积、新梢叶片数生长量，但叶片多为展开的新叶，叶面积较小；普通膜明显增加了幼苗的发芽数、新梢节数生长量。覆膜对幼苗基径、新梢宽度、新梢长度、新梢节数及新梢叶片数、新梢长度生长量影响不显著。研究认为覆膜区完全生物降解膜不仅具有较好的保水性，还能促进大部分幼苗生长指标，综合效果最佳。
英文摘要:
      Aimed at increasing the use efficiency of water resources in arid and semiarid areas, the effects of biodegradable film mulch on water content of sandy soil and growth of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seedlings was investigated in Turpan, Xinjiang, China. There were 4 treatments in the experiment, namely completely biodegradable film mulch, partly biodegradable film mulch, ordinary film mulch and no mulch. The measurement was lasted for 90 days to compare soil water content and growth of grape seedlings among different treatments. The results showed that water could be saved by 60% in film mulch zone compared with no mulch zone. Film mulch could increase the water content of sandy soil in 10～40 cm depth remarkably, thus presenting a water retention effect. Compared with no mulch, the number of sprouts and leaves, the leaf area, and the diameter growth rate and node number of new shoots were increased under completely biodegradable film mulch; the number of sprouts and leaves, the leaf area and the growth rate of leaves on new shoots were increased under partly biodegra dable film mulch; and the number of sprouts and the growth rate of nodes on new shoots were increased under ordinary film mulch. The effect of all mulch treatments on the basal diameter of seedlings and the diameter, length, node number, leaf number and length growth rate of new shoots were insignificant. It was concluded that completely biodegradable film could not only bring about an obvious effect on soil water conservation, but also increase most of the growth indicators, so its comprehensive effect was the best.
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