| 李 翠，赵伟洁，刘 瑞，晁桂梅，周 瑜，苏 旺，屈 洋，冯佰利.水分胁迫对糜子物质运转和籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):20~27 |
| 水分胁迫对糜子物质运转和籽粒灌浆特性的影响 |
| Effects of water stress on dry matter translocation and grain filling characteristics in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.01.004 |
| 中文关键词: 糜子 水分胁迫 籽粒灌浆 物质运转 |
| 英文关键词:broomcorn millet water stress grain filling dry matter translocation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31371529）；国家谷子糜子产业技术体系（CARS-07-12.5-A9）；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（200903007）及陕西省攻关项目(K332021303) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索不同生育期不同程度水分胁迫下糜子籽粒灌浆特性及产量形成特点，以榆糜2号为材料，采用盆栽试验，利用Richards方程对不同处理强、弱势粒的灌浆过程进行比较，进而分析研究了拔节期、孕穗期和开花成熟期中度（占田间最大持水量的40%～45%）、重度水分胁迫（占田间最大持水量的20%～25%）对糜子强、弱势粒灌浆特性与抽穗后物质积累和转运及产量形成的影响。结果表明：与对照(全生育期充足供水，占田间最大持水量的70%～75%)相比，重度水分胁迫下，籽粒的起始生长势R0降低，最大灌浆速率出现的时间Tmax延迟，灌浆后期时间缩短，灌浆中期和后期的贡献率下降，茎鞘向穗部的物质转运率降低，进而影响结实率和产量，其中孕穗期重度水分胁迫的穗粒数和穗粒质量比对照分别降低了44.62%和38.19%，是降幅最大的；中度水分胁迫加快了糜子灌浆进程，促进了糜子叶片和茎鞘向穗部的物质转运率，提高了结实率和籽粒充实度，提高了糜子产量，其中拔节期中度水分胁迫是增加幅度最大的，其穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量和穗粒质量比对照分别增加了24.17%、17.92%、7.19%、41.14%。因此，在适度水分胁迫下，协调并提高糜子籽粒的灌浆起始生长势和前期、中期的灌浆速率以及茎鞘向穗的物质转运率，对于保证和提高糜子产量有重要意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To evaluate characteristics of grain filling and yield in broomcorn millet resulting from effects of water stress at different developmental stages, Yumi 2 was employed as the experimental material for a pot trial. At the time of jointing, booting, and flowering and mature stages under water stress at two levels (moderate: 40%～45% of field capacity, severe: 20%～25% of field capacity), the grain filling processes of superior and inferior grains were studied using Richards equation. Also, the relationships between grain filling characteristics, and dry matter accumulation and translocation after heading, and yield, were analyzed. Compared with the control, severe water stress decreased initial grain-filling potential, delayed the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate, shortened grain filling time, reduced grain filling contribution rate of middle and later stages, and decreased matter translocation percentage from stems and sheaths to spikes, influencing seed-setting rate and the yield. In addition, the kernels per spike and kernel weight per ear under severe water stress at booting stage were reduced by 44.62% and 38.19%, respectively, which represented the maximal decreased levels with the treatments. Moderate water stress promoted the grain filling process, improved the matter translocation percentage from stems and sheaths to spikes, increased seed-setting rate and grain plumpness, and enhanced the yield. The yield reached its highest level under moderate water stress at shooting stage, with increases of 24.17%, 17.92%, 7.19% and 41.14% in kernels per spike, seed-setting rate, 1000 grain weight and kernel weight per ear, respectively. Therefore, proper water stress may improve the initial grain-filling potential, the grain filling rates at early and middle stages, and matter translocation percentage from the stems and sheaths to spikes, providing an plausible approach to the enhancement of the yield in broomcorn millet. |
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