| 田 英，赵西宁，陈小莉，王自奎.小麦/玉米垄沟套作条件下施肥部位对土壤水氮分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):72~78 |
| 小麦/玉米垄沟套作条件下施肥部位对土壤水氮分布的影响 |
| The influences of fertilization positions on water and nitrate distribution under wheat/ maize ridge and furrow intercropping |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.01.012 |
| 中文关键词: 垄沟灌溉 小麦/玉米套作 施氮部位 硝态氮 土壤含水量 产量 |
| 英文关键词:ridge and furrow irrigation wheat/maize intercropping fertilization position nitrate nitrogen soil water content yield |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD29B09)；教育部、国家外国专家局/1110计划(B12007) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过旱棚小车模拟小麦/玉米垄沟套作种植试验，研究了3种不同垄沟部位（垄顶、垄底和沟中）施肥对小麦/玉米生长和产量及土壤水氮分布的影响。结果表明：相同灌水条件下，施肥部位对垄沟套作水分分布影响不显著，但土壤硝态氮的分布差异较大； 垄顶施肥和垄底施肥处理下，由于水肥异区，其垄上小麦生长带的硝态氮主要分布在0～30 cm土层，有效地减少了硝态氮向土壤深层淋溶，而后期沟内玉米生长带的水氮处理相同，因此其硝态氮分布差异较小； 在相同灌水条件下，垄沟套作可以有效降低水分流失，减少氮肥损失，因此较传统平作更有利于作物生长，提高小麦、玉米的产量，且以垄顶施肥和垄底施肥效果最显著，小麦产量较平作分别增加11.47%、10.81%，玉米产量较平作分别增加18.87%、22.70%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Through the drought shed simulation wheat/maize ridge and furrow intercropping experiment, we investigated influences of three different positions (ridge top, ridge bottom and furrow) fertilizer on the growth, yield of wheat /maize and the effect of soil water and nitrogen distribution. The results showed that the influences of fertilizer position on the water distribution are not significant for the same irrigation, but the distribution of soil nitrate differed markedly. Fertilization on ridge top and ridge bottom showed different nitrate distribution at 0～30 cm soil layer, which can effectively affect soil nitrate leaching. No obvious difference in nitrate distribution was detected between the same water and nitrate treatments of the late maize growth zone. Furrow intercropping can effectively reduce moisture loss and nitrogen leaching than conventional flat intercropping, with enhancing effect on wheat/maize growth and consequently increased wheat yield by 11.47%～10.81% and maize yield by 18.87%～22.70%. |
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