| 李有兵，李 锦，李 硕，田霄鸿.秸秆还田下减量施氮对作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):79~84 |
| 秸秆还田下减量施氮对作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响 |
| Effects of reducing nitrogen application on crop yields, nutrients uptake and utilization with straw incorporation |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.01.013 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 减量施氮 产量 养分含量 养分吸收量 |
| 英文关键词:straw incorporation nitrogen reduction crop yields nutrient content nutrient uptake |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD14B11）；国家自然科学基金项目（41371288，31071863） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 秸秆还田条件下，采用多年田间定位试验研究了N肥减量施用对作物产量、养分吸收利用以及土壤表观N平衡的影响，旨在为关中小麦/玉米一年二熟轮作区合理施用N肥提供依据。结果表明：与常规施N处理(玉米季施氮187.5 kg·hm-2，小麦季施氮150 kg·hm-2)相比，2008—2011年三年中，15%减N、30%减N两个处理均未显著降低作物籽粒与秸秆产量；2010—2011年生长季中，15%减N处理降低了作物秸秆N、P、K周年总吸收量，增加了籽粒N、P、K周年总吸收量，其中籽粒P周年总吸收量增加达显著性水平；30%减N处理显著降低了籽粒N和秸秆N、K周年总吸收量，降幅分别为12.9%、41.9%、18.5%，在小麦收获后，30%减N处理的N素盈余量只有11.3 kg·hm-2，有潜在缺N危险。综合考虑产量、养分吸收利用及土壤表观N平衡，在秸秆还田条件下，15%减N处理的施N量（即玉米季施氮159 kg·hm-2，小麦季施氮127.5 kg·hm-2）为本地区最佳N肥用量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The long term field experiment on N fertilizer reduction under the conditions of straw incorporation was conducted to identify a suitable N rate and provide the theoretical basis of reasonable fertilization for the farmland in wheat-straw cropping system on Guanzhong Plain. Three treatments, conventional applied N, 15% and 30% reduction applied N, were performed by a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that, in comparison with conventional N application treatment, averaged across three years from 2008 to 2011, N reduction by 15% and 30% did not significantly reduce crop grain and straw yields. During the crop growing seasons from 2010 to 2011, N reduction by 15% reduced straw N, P, K annual uptake and increased grain N, P, K annual uptake, especially for grain P uptake. N reduction by 30% significantly reduced grain N, straw N, K annual total uptake by 12.9%, 41.9%, 18.5% respectively. 30% N reduction treatment had the lowest N surplus after harvesting wheat and maize, the N surplus was only 11.3 kg·hm-2 when wheat was harvested, partially associated with a shortage of N. Taking into account into consideration of the yield, nutrients uptake and utilization, apparent soil N balance, the 15% N reduction treatment has an optimum N application rate (wheat season 127.5 kg·hm-2, maize season 159.4 kg·hm-2) in this region. |
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