姜凤超，王玉柱，孙浩元，杨 丽，张俊环.宽窄行种植对桃树光照分布与果实产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(1):165~169
宽窄行种植对桃树光照分布与果实产量和品质的影响
Effects of wide and narrow row planting system on light distribution and quality & yield of peach
  
DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.01.027
中文关键词:  宽窄行种植  光照分布  产量  品质  桃树
英文关键词:wide and narrow row planting  light distribution  yield and quality  peach
基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费（201003043-03）；国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD16B04)；科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20140110)
作者单位
姜凤超1,2，王玉柱1,2，孙浩元1,2，杨 丽1,2，张俊环1,2 (1.北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所， 北京 100093； 2.农业部华北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室， 北京 100093) 
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中文摘要:
      以桃品种‘改良白凤’为试验材料，以常规种植(株行距为5 m×2 m，999株·公顷-1)为对照，分析宽窄行种植模式(WN，株距2 m，宽行4 m，窄行1 m，1 998 株·公顷-1)对光照分布、单位面积产量、果实品质的影响。结果表明：常规种植开心形光照主要集中在上层，下层相对光照强度多低于20%；宽窄行种植V型，上层相对光照强度基本保持在80%以上，中下层相对光照强度基本保持在40%左右； 2011、2012年和2013年宽窄行处理单位面积产量分别比常规处理高31.3%、41.0%和33.1%；宽窄行种植显著提高桃果实中蔗糖含量、降低苹果酸含量、提高果实糖酸比。因此，宽窄行种植不仅可以改善树体冠层内光照强度，还能改善果实产量与品质，是一种理想的栽培方式。
英文摘要:
      The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different cultivation system including conventional cultivation (CK, spacing 5 m×2 m, 999 trees·hm-2) and wide and narrow row planting (WN, spacing 2 m, wide row 4 m, narrow row 1 m, 1 998 trees·hm-2) on light intensity distribution, and the content of sugar and acid components, yield per hectare, and fruit quality of ‘GaiLiangBaiFeng’ peach. The results showed that compared with CK, WN allowed the light to be evenly distributed. Under CK, the light was mostly distributed in the top layer and the light intensity in the lower portion was less than 20%. However, it was over 40% in the middle and lower layers under WN. In 2011, 2012 and 2013, it was found that the yield of peach was significantly improved by WN and the yield per hectare was 31.3%, 41.0% and 33.1%, respectively, higher than that by CK. The sucrose content and sugar acid ratio were significantly increased by WN, but the malate content was decreased significantly. Therefore, WN not only could improve canopy light intensity in the tree, but also could enhance the yield and quality of fruit, demonstrating that WN may be an ideal way of cultivation.
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