| 李小燕,张 雷,牛芬菊,张成荣,李胜克,李玉娥,莫 非.旱地组合型微垄全膜不同覆盖时期对土壤水分及胡麻生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):16~21 |
| 旱地组合型微垄全膜不同覆盖时期对土壤水分及胡麻生长的影响 |
| Effects of mulching periods on soil moisture and growth of dryland flax under combined micro-ridge with fully film mulching practice |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.003 |
| 中文关键词: 组合型微垄 全膜覆盖时期 土壤水分 旱地胡麻 产量 |
| 英文关键词:combined micro-ridge with fully film mulching mulching periods soil water content dryland flax yield performance |
| 基金项目:甘肃省农业科技创新项目（GNCX-2011-32） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 春夏干旱是榆中县旱作区胡麻产量的主要限制因素。进一步减少旱地冬春季土壤水分的无效蒸发、提高土壤含水量，为胡麻前期生长创造良好的土壤条件是实现该区胡麻高产稳产的必须步骤。2011—2012年连续两年在地处甘肃省中部半干旱雨养农业区的榆中县石头沟旱作农业示范点进行了组合型微垄全膜覆盖不同覆膜时期对旱地胡麻生长影响的试验。本试验设组合型微垄全膜秋覆盖垄侧栽培、组合型微垄全膜播种前覆盖垄侧栽培和露地穴播三个处理，分别对其土壤水分、经济性状、生育期、产量结果进行分析。结果表明，旱地胡麻组合型微垄全膜秋覆盖垄侧栽培可明显减少冬春季土壤水分的无效蒸发，增加土壤水分含量，0～60 cm的土壤平均含水量，分别比旱地胡麻微垄全膜播种前覆盖垄侧栽培和旱地胡麻露地穴播栽培高31.9 g·kg-1和45.3 g·kg-1；胡麻的经济性状明显改善，株高分别比旱地胡麻微垄全膜播种前覆盖垄侧栽培和旱地胡麻露地穴播栽培高3.8 cm和14.7 cm、单株蒴果数分别增加8.5个和11.5个、蒴果粒数分别增加0.6个和1.65个、千粒重分别提高0.05 g和0.31 g。旱地胡麻组合型微垄全膜秋季覆盖垄侧栽培比胡麻露地栽培增产1 471.2 kg·hm-2，增幅129.54%，比旱地胡麻微垄全膜播种前覆盖垄侧栽培增产378.22 kg·hm-2，增幅17.41%，增产效果十分明显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Drought during both spring and autumn has been proved to be one of most important limiting factors on flax productivity in dryland farming regions of Yuzhong. Reducing invalid evaporation and increasing availability of soil water content during both seasons have been considered to be an effective tactic to achieve stable and highly effective flax productivity through improving soil moisture at early flax developmental stages. A field experiment by comparing different mulching periods under the farming practice of combined micro-ridge with fully film mulching was carried out to examine the effects of differential soil water levels on flax growth from 2011 to 2012 at Yuzhong Shitougou Dryland Agriculture Demonstration Site, where crop productivity was characterized by typical semiarid rainfall agriculture system in Gansu Province. Three treatments were arranged in our study, including (1) applying combined micro-ridge with fully film mulching at autumn and planting flax on the sides of ridge in next spring; (2) applying combined micro-ridge with fully film mulching 1-2 days before sowing season in spring; (3) bunch planting in bare land without mulching to explore the change of soil water content, flax phenology, economic benefits and yield performance with the treatments. Our results showed that the application of combined micro-ridge approach in autumn reduced the invalid evaporation and increased soil water content significantly. By comparing variations between application of the combined micro-ridge treatment during autumn and application before sowing and bunch planting, it was found that the average water content at 0～60 cm soil layer was enhanced by 31.9 g·kg-1 and 45.3 g·kg-1, plant height was elevated by 3.8 cm and 14.7 cm, capsule number per plant went up by 8.5 and 11.5, kernel number per capsule ascended by 0.6 and 1.65, thousand kernel weight was advanced by 0.05 g and 0.31 g, grain yield was increased by 17.41% and 129.54%, respectively. The economic properties had been improved largely with the treatment during autumn. Our results indicated that the combined micro-ridge with fully film mulching applied in autumn and flax planted on the sides of ridge in next spring could be expected to be one of most effective farming approaches to the achievement of stable and highly effective flax productivity in semiarid rainfall agricultural system. |
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