| 娄善伟,帕尔哈提.买买提,王新江,杨 涛,张鹏忠,赵小伊,何 红,马腾飞,边 洋,张巨松.新疆南疆籽棉超高产机理研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):32~39 |
| 新疆南疆籽棉超高产机理研究 |
| Mechanismtic study on the super-high-yield characteristic of cotton in southern Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.006 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 超高产 机理 养分分配 新疆 |
| 英文关键词:cotton super high yield mechanism nutrient distributions Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41361067)；新疆自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY2013068)；新疆自治区科技计划项目(201231102)；新疆自治区成果转化项目(201354103-2) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探寻新疆南疆地区籽棉9000 kg·hm-2超高产机理以及相关的指标，对南疆地区生态条件下超高产田、高产田、中高产田进行了调查研究与数据采集。研究发现：要获得超高产，首先要有良好的基础地力，有机质含量超10 g·kg-1，种植密度18×104～21×104 株·hm-2为宜；其次，塑造良好株型，株高65～75 cm，茎粗接近10 mm，果枝9～1
0台，棉铃空间分布均匀，纵向上、中、下果枝棉铃比例3.2∶4.7∶2.1，横向第一、二果节比例7∶3，初花至盛铃LAI、SPAD、Pn一直维持较高水平，盛铃前后达到最大，后期下降缓慢；最后，氮磷钾分配上，前期差异不大，进入花铃期生殖生长明显增强，蕾花铃氮磷钾比例明显增大，一直维持到见絮，超高产处理的蕾花铃干物质量比例明显高于其它处理8%以上，见絮时蕾花铃干物质量达到了6 402 kg·hm-2。以指标数据作参考，塑造良好株型，协调棉铃空间分布，维持较高较长的光合速率，减缓LAI、SPAD下降速度，促进生殖生长，合理养分分配，便能实现产量目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore mechanism and related indexes of the super high yield(9 000 kg·hm-2) of seed cotton in the South of Xinjiang area, research was conducted in fields that displayed super high yield, high yield and medium yield, respectively, and the resulting data was collected for further analysis. The results showed that to achieve super high yield, the primary requirement was to have basic soil fertility, with organic matter content exceeding 10 g·kg-1, and appropriate planting density of 18×104～21×104 plants·hm-2. Also, a suitable plant type was needed, with an optimal plant height around 65～75 cm, astem diameter close to 10 mm, and fruit branches of 9～10. It was further noticed that proper distributions of bolls from upper, middle and lower portions of fruit branch were 3.2∶4.7∶2.1 longitudinally, and the ratio between the first horizontal fruit section and the second was 7∶3. Additionally from flowering to peak stage of boll, LAI, SPAD and Pn maintained high levels, reaching the maximums at peak stage of boll, and then slowing down at later stages. Moreover, for nitrogen phosphorus potassium distributions, there were little differences atearly stage. The reproductive growth had been enhanced at flower-boll stage. In particular, NPK ratio became significantly increased in bud, flower and boll until boll opening. Dry matter in flower buds and bolls processed through super high yield was significantly at least 8% more than others. The dry weight of flower buds and bolls reached 6402 kg·hm-2 at boll opening stage. To achieve production goals, the followings may all be taken into considerations, including referencing to indexes of abovementioned data to model a healthy plant type, coordinating the spatial distributions of cotton bolls, maintaining high and long photosynthetic rate, reducing LAI and SPAD descending speed, promoting reproductive growth, and balancing reasonable distributions of nutrients. |
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