| 郭满平,刘生瑞,白宏鹏.不同覆膜栽培对玉米土壤水分温度及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):50~55 |
| 不同覆膜栽培对玉米土壤水分温度及产量的影响 |
| Effects of different plastic mulching practices on soil moisture, soil temperature and yields of maize |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.008 |
| 中文关键词: 覆膜栽培 玉米 土壤水分 土壤温度 产量 |
| 英文关键词:cultivation of plastic mulching maize soil moisture soil temperature yield |
| 基金项目:甘肃省农业厅旱作农业示范项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用烘干称重法和地温计法测定了环县川旱地不同覆膜与露地栽培方式下全生育期内0～80 cm土层的土壤含水量和0～40 cm土层的土壤温度，成熟期随机测量不同处理方式下的株高、株重、茎粗、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数、千粒重和单株叶面积等指标，计算经济产量和生物产量，分析不同覆膜与露地栽培对玉米土壤水热环境和产量的调控机制。结果表明，全膜双垄沟播栽培较全膜平铺穴播、半膜平铺穴播、半膜覆盖垄播和露地平播栽培，全生育期0～80 cm土壤水分分别提高了0.3%、1.0%、1.6%和2.4%，0～40 cm土壤温度分别提高了0.3℃、1.2℃、1.6℃和2.2℃，生育期分别缩短了0、3、5 d和13 d，生物产量分别提高了679.5、2 740.5、3 376.5 kg·hm-2和4 861.5 kg·hm-2，经济产量分别提高了424.5、1 729.5、2 032.5 kg·hm-2和2 971.5 kg·hm-2。因此，在相应的旱作农业区大力推广全膜双垄沟播栽培技术，能大幅提高玉米产量，有利于保障国家粮食安全。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To understand the regulatory mechanism of plastic mulching for soil moisture and temperature as well as yields, soil moisture at 0～80 cm soil layer and soil temperature at 0～40 cm soil layer during the whole growth periods were respectively measured by oven drying and geothermometer methods. Plant height, plant weight, stem diameter, ear diameter, rows per ear, grains per row, kernels per spike, thousand kernel weight and leaf area per plant were randomly measured during the maturation period, and their economic yield and biological yield were calculated. The results showed that all-film double-furrow sowing could respectively improve 0.3%, 1.0%, 1.6% and 2.4% more of the soil moisture at 0～80 cm soil layer, elevate 0.3℃, 1.2℃, 1.6℃ and 2.2℃ higher of soil temperature at 0～40 cm soil layer, shorten 0, 3, 5 and 13 fewer days of growth periods, increase 679.5, 2 740.5, 3 376.5 kg·hm-2 and 4 861.5 kg·hm-2 more of biological yields, boost 424.5, 1 729.5, 2 032.5 kg·hm-2 and 2 971.5 kg·hm-2 more of economic yield than all-film mulch hole sowing, half-film mulch hole sowing, half-film mulch furrow sowing and outdoor sowing. Therefore, popularizing all-film double-furrow sowing could significantly increase corn yield, ensuring national food security. |
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