| 张丽莉,石 瑛,祁 雪,王庆祥,崔 琳.干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片超微结构及生理指标的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):75~80 |
| 干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片超微结构及生理指标的影响 |
| Effects of drought stress on the ultrastructure and physiological indexes of leaf cells in three potato varieties |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.012 |
| 中文关键词: 干旱胁迫 马铃薯 叶片细胞 品种抗旱性 超微结构 生理指标 |
| 英文关键词:potato drought stress ultrastructure of mesophyll cells drought resistance of varieties physiological indexes |
| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-10) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 选用不耐旱品种‘费乌瑞它’、耐旱性较强品种‘东农308’和耐旱品种‘晋薯2号’的脱毒试管苗为材料，利用含有20%PEG-6000的MS液体培养基进行水分胁迫处理，研究干旱胁迫对马铃薯叶片细胞超微结构和生理指标的影响。结果表明：叶绿体对干旱胁迫反应最为敏感且受损伤最重，胁迫后叶绿体外形肿胀变圆，片层开始松散，间隙增大，甚至出现孔洞。线粒体次之，外膜破坏，嵴减少。对细胞核的影响相对较小。‘费乌瑞它’超微结构损伤最严重，‘东农308’次之，‘晋薯2号’伤害最轻。超微结构发生变化的同时，各项生理指标也随之改变。3个品种丙二醛(MDA)含量升高48.89%～243.27%，并且都达到极显著水平；过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高2.06%～32.98%，‘费乌瑞它’和‘晋薯2号’分别达到极显著和显著水平；不同品种的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和叶绿素含量变化趋势不一致。上述指标中，丙二醛含量和叶绿体超微结构变化显著，并能较好地表现出不同品种之间抗旱性的差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effects of drought stress on potato leaf subcellular structure and physiological indexes, plantlets of three potato varieties with different drought-resistance capabilities were selected as materials to be cultured in MS liquid medium with 20% PEG-6000. Favorita was sensitive to drought, Dongnong 308 possessed relatively stronger drought tolerance, and Jinshu 2 was a drought-tolerant variety. The results showed that the most serious damage by drought stress occurred in chloroplast, and then mitochondria, while damage on nucleus was not obvious. Chloroplast morphology turned to be wavelike or swollen. Chloroplast lamellae became loosened, and the interspaces between lamellar structures became large, exhibiting some holes sometimes. The membrane of mitochondria was disrupted, and the cristae was partially degraded. Ultrastructure of Favorita was damaged most seriously, followed by Dongnong 308, and Jinshu 2 was the least. With the changes in ultrastructure after drought stress, the physiological indexes also displayed changes. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plantlets of three varieties under in vitro stress were increased by 48.89%～243.27%, significantly different from the control with water treatment. The activities of peroxidase (POD) ascended by 2.06%～32.98%. Favorita and Jinshu 2 reached highly significant and significant levels, respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and chlorophyll contents in all three varieties displayed varying treads. In summary, after drought stress, the contents of MDA and the chloroplast ultrastructure of plantlets in vitro were changed significantly, reflecting variances in drought resistance capabilities of different varieties. |
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