| 卢秉林,包兴国,张久东,杨新强,杨文玉,李全福,曹卫东.间作绿肥饲草与减施氮肥对河西绿洲灌区玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):170~175 |
| 间作绿肥饲草与减施氮肥对河西绿洲灌区玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响 |
| Effects of intercropping green manure forages and nitrogen-reduction on corn yield and soil fertility in Hexi Oasis Irrigation |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.028 |
| 中文关键词: 绿肥饲草 玉米 间作 减施氮肥 经济效益 土壤肥力 |
| 英文关键词:green manure forage corn intercropping nitrogen-reduction economic benefit soil fertility |
| 基金项目:农业部行业专项（201103005-04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过3年定位试验，在河西绿洲灌区，研究不同比例减少化学氮肥用量的情况下，间作针叶豌豆和毛叶苕子2种豆科绿肥饲草对玉米产量、经济效益和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，间作针叶豌豆时，施用农民习惯化学施氮量90%的效果最好，虽然该模式下玉米籽粒产量下降了0.63%，但是差异不显著，而且可以多收针叶豌豆籽粒1 987.34 kg·hm-2、针叶豌豆干草1 374.35 kg·hm-2，同时经济效益最高，为36 364 元·hm-2，高于农民习惯施肥18.05%。间作毛叶苕子时，虽然所有化学氮肥减施处理的玉米籽粒产量均低于农民习惯施肥，但是在施用农民习惯化学施氮量90%的情况下减产幅度最低，只有2.76%，达到了14 263 kg·hm-2，与农民习惯施肥处理之间的差异不显著，而且可以多收毛叶苕子干草3 175.47 kg·hm-2，同时经济效益最高，为32 136 元·hm-2，高于农民习惯施肥4.33%。而且这2种种植体系下的土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量与农民习惯施肥处理之间的差异不显著。可见，在河西绿洲灌区进行玉米种植时，间作收获籽粒为主的针叶豌豆和间作以收获豆科饲草为主的毛叶苕子，均能减少10% 的化学氮肥用量，其中间作针叶豌豆的经济效益高于间作毛叶苕子。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the effects on corn yield, economic benefit and soil fertility in different proportions nitrogen-reduction by the planting system using two kinds of leguminous green manure forages, needle leaf pea and hairy vetch intercropping corn were employed for duration of three years in Hexi Oasis Irrigation. The results showed that effects from applying 90% of the fertilizer amount that farmers often used were the best in corn/needle leaf pea intercropping system, which though resulted in a corn grain yield loss by 0.63%, not at a significant level. Nevertheless, this helped additional harvests of needle leaf pea grain by 1 987.34 kg·hm-2 and needle leaf pea hay by 1 374.35 kg·hm-2. The economic benefits were the highest, reaching 36 364 yuan·hm-2, 18.05% higher than that of the farmlands farmers often fertilized. Corn grain yields with nitrogen-reduction treatments were all lower than those with often fertilization in corn/hairy vetch intercropping system. But reduction in yield was minimum by only 2.76% less, reaching a yield of 14 263 kg·hm-2 using 90% of the nitrogen fertilizer farmers often utilized, not at a significant level. This caused additional harvest of hairy vetch hay by 3 175.47 kg·hm-2 and the economic benefit was the highest as 32 136 yuan·hm-2, 4.33% higher than that of the farmlands farmers often fertilized. With these two kinds of planting systems, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were not significantly different from those with often fertilizations by farmers. It could be seen that the intercropping systems of corn/needle leaf pea and corn/hairy vetch could reduce 10% of the nitrogen fertilizer use and the economic benefit of the former was higher than that of latter in Hexi Oasis Irrigation. |
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