| 周兴本,郭修武,王丛丛,刘士冲,李 坤,郭印山,李成祥.水肥配比对葡萄生长发育及15N－硫酸铵吸收分配及利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):183~190 |
| 水肥配比对葡萄生长发育及15N－硫酸铵吸收分配及利用的影响 |
| Effects of water and fertilizer ratio on the growth and absorption distribution and utilization of 15N-ammonium sulfate of Grape |
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| DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.030 |
| 中文关键词: 无核白鸡心葡萄 水肥配比 15N-硫酸铵 吸收 利用 分配 |
| 英文关键词:Centennial Seed-less water and fertilization ratio 15N -ammonium sulfate absorption utilization distribution |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金（CARS-30-yz-6） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以无核白鸡心葡萄为试材，采用15N同位素标记示踪法研究了不同水肥配比对葡萄幼树生长和15N－硫酸铵吸收、分配及利用的影响。试验设置3个水分处理（75%～80% FC、55%～60% FC、40%～45% FC）和3个肥料配比（N∶P∶K=2∶1∶3、N∶P∶K=2∶1∶5、N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3），共9个处理。结果表明：不同水肥配比处理间葡萄幼树新梢粗度、叶面积、叶绿素含量差异显著，以55%～60% FC、N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3的水肥处理能有效促进植株新梢粗度、叶面积的增大，最适宜葡萄幼树的生长。以40%～45% FC、N∶P∶K=2∶1∶3的水肥处理更有利于叶绿素的积累。综合生长期光合速率和蒸腾速率，以55%～60% FC、N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3的水肥处理可降低蒸腾速率，提高光合速率。不同水肥配比处理并没有改变树体各器官间15N丰度( Ndff%) 的高低顺序和15N分配规律，但同一器官的Ndff%和15N分配率在不同处理间有所不同，轻中度水分胁迫下，葡萄植株对15N的征调能力较高。不同水肥处理对葡萄各器官15N分配率和利用率的影响存在差异，根系的15N分配率、利用率均显著高于其他器官，分别达43.37%和11.17%。主干和新梢次之，叶片最小。轻度水分胁迫下增加磷钾肥比例对提高葡萄植株的氮肥利用率有促进作用。综上所述，各肥水配比处理中以55%～60% FC、N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3的水肥处理为最优处理，建议在无核白鸡心葡萄幼树生产栽培中按照此配比进行肥水管理。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Centennial Seedless was used to study the effects of fertilizer ratio on the growth and absorption, distribution and utilization of15N-ammonium sulfate of grape under water stress. Three different water treatment levels（75%～80% FC、55％～60% FC、40％～45% FC） and three kinds of fertilizer ratio（N∶P∶K=2∶1∶3、N∶P∶K=2∶1∶5、N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3）, total 9 treatments were designed in the experiment. The results show that: there are significant differences among the treatments of different water and fertilization ratio on the shoot roughness, the grape leaves area and the chlorophyll content of grape leaves. the treatment of 55%～60% of field capacity, fertilizer ratio of N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3 can effectively increase the shoot roughness and the grape leaves area, suit for the growth of Centennial Seedless grape. the treatment of 40%～45% of field capacity, fertilizer ratio of N∶P∶K=2∶1∶3 can increase the chlorophyll content of grape leaves. The treatment of 55%～60% of field capacity, fertilizer ratio of N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3 can effectively increase photosynthetic rate and decrease transpiration rate. The Ndff% order and partition rule of 15N of various tree organs are not changed under different water and fertilization ratio treatments, while the Ndff% and partition ratios of15N of same organ are different, the15N requisition ability of grape saplings at the mild stress level was best. The15N distribution rates and use efficiencies of various tree organs in different treatments were difference. The15N distribution rates and use efficiencies of roots were significantly higher than other organs, up to 43.37% and 11.17%, new shoot and trunk were second, and leaf was minimal. Under mild stress level, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can lead to the increase of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencies. In summary, the treatments of 55%～60% of field capacity, fertilizer ratio of N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3 were optimal，which is recommended in the fertilization and irrigation in grape production and cultivation． |
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