品种与施肥对次生盐碱地牧草光合特性的影响

陈科元; 贾倩民; 陈彦云; 刘秉儒; 韩润燕; 李旺霞

陈科元,贾倩民,陈彦云,刘秉儒,韩润燕,李旺霞.品种与施肥对次生盐碱地牧草光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):196~202

品种与施肥对次生盐碱地牧草光合特性的影响

Effects of varieties and fertilization on the photosynthetic characteristics of forages in secondary saline-alkali land

DOI：10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.032

中文关键词: 牧草品种次生盐碱地光合特性有机肥 N、P、K肥苦豆子秸秆

英文关键词:forages varieties secondary saline-alkali land photosynthetic characteristics organic manure fertilizer N, P and K Sophora alopecuroides straw

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC07B03)；国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划：2012CB723206)

作者	单位
陈科元	宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏银川 750021
贾倩民	宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏银川 750021
陈彦云	宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏银川 750021；宁夏大学生命科学学院, 宁夏银川 750021
刘秉儒	宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，宁夏银川 750021
韩润燕	西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室，宁夏银川 750021
李旺霞	西部生态与生物资源开发联合研究中心, 宁夏银川 750021

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中文摘要:

通过正交设计L₁₈(6¹×3⁶)在宁夏盐池次生盐碱地进行草地建植试验，探讨牧草品种、有机肥、NKP肥及苦豆子秸秆对牧草光合特性的影响。结果表明：正交设计方法得到提高净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)、叶绿素含量及降低胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)的最佳组合为草木樨(Melilotus offcinalia)+有机肥36 t·hm^-2+NPK(N 165 kg·hm^-2、P 135 kg·hm^-2和K 135 kg·hm^-2)+秸秆15 t·hm^-2，这与Pn、Gs、WUE、叶绿素含量最高及Ci最低的处理15相一致，证实了正交设计结果的可靠性；4个因素对蒸腾速率(Tr)、Pn、Gs及Ci的影响程度大小均为品种>有机肥>NPK>秸秆，对WUE及叶绿素含量的影响程度大小为品种>NPK>有机肥>秸秆；品种和有机肥对Pn、Tr、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量影响极显著(P<0.01)，NPK对Pn、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量影响极显著(P<0.01)，对Tr和Ci影响显著(P<0.05)，苦豆子秸秆对Pn和WUE影响极显著(P<0.01)；豆科的Pn、Tr、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量显著大于禾本科(P<0.05)，草木樨的Pn、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量显著高于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)和沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)，禾本科披碱草(Elymus cylindricus)的Pn、WUE及叶绿素含量显著高于扁穗冰草 (Agropyron cristatum) 和蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng)；相关分析表明，Pn与Tr、Gs、WUE及叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，与Ci呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。

英文摘要:

To compare the effects of species, organic manure, NPK and sophora alopecuroides straw on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, an artificial pasture planting in Ningxia in arid sandy area using L₁₈ (6¹×3⁶) orthogonal test was implemented. The results showed that the optimal combination to enhance net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), water use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll content and intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci) was to use Melilotus offcinalia + organic manure 36 t·hm^-2+NPK (N 165 kg·hm^-2, P 135 kg·hm^-2 and K 135 kg·hm^-2) + straw 15 t·hm^-2. The combination was consistent with the Treatment 15 that had the highest Pn, Gs, WUE, chlorophyll content and lowest Ci. The influencing effects on transpiration rate (Tr), Pn, Gs, Ci were in the order of species>organic manure>NPK>straw and WUE, and for chlorophyll content, the order was species>NPK>organic manure>straw. The effects of species and organic manure on Pn, transpiration rate, Gs, WUE and chlorophyll content were highly significant (P<0.01), and those of NPK on Pn, Gs, WUE and chlorophyll content were highly significant (P<0.01) but significant (P<0.05) on transpiration and rate Ci. Effects of straw on Pn and WUE were highly significant (P<0.01). Legume was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Pn, Tr, Gs, WUE and chlorophyll content than gramineae. Melilotus suaveolens had stronger productive performance than Medicago sativa and Astragalus adsurgens, and Elymus cylindricus had higher Pn, WUE and chlorophyll content than Agropyron cristatum and Agropyron mongolicum Keng. Pn had highly significant positive correlations with Tr, Gs, WUE and chlorophyll content and significant negative correlation with Ci (P<0.01).

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