| 张洪波,王东.仪器测墒按需补灌对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):1~9 |
| 仪器测墒按需补灌对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of supplemental irrigation on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency by measured soil moisture with instruments |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.03.01 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤水分 测定方法 补灌 冬小麦 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:soil moisture determination method supplemental irrigation winter wheat yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31271660)；公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201503130)；山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用频域反射法（FDR）、时域反射法（TDR）和驻波率法（SWR）三种便携式土壤水分快速测试仪，在田间条件下测定土壤田间持水量（FCv）和体积含水量（WCv），于冬小麦越冬前、拔节期和开花期设补灌的目标土壤相对含水量分别为80%、70%和70%，每一补灌时期设20 cm、40 cm和60 cm三个测墒土层深度，研究不同仪器法在冬小麦生育期间对土壤水分测定的准确度和稳定性，探索用不同仪器测定数据计算灌水定额进行冬小麦补灌的效果及其差异原因。结果表明，FDR和SWR仪器测得的FCv换算为以水土质量百分比表示的田间持水量FCv-m，与传统方法测得的田间持水量FCm之间的相对误差为0.4%～2.6%；TDR仪器测定计算得出的WCv-m值与烘干法测得的WCm值的相对误差与相应土层土壤温度呈极显著正相关，在冬小麦播种期、开花期和成熟期较高，在越冬前和拔节期较低；SWR仪器测定计算得出的WCv-m值与WCm值的相对误差与相应土层土壤含水量呈极显著负相关，在土壤含水量较高的条件下测量的准确度较高。FDR仪器在冬小麦生育期内测量的准确性受土壤温度和水分的影响较小，准确度和稳定性均较高，直接利用其测定的FCv和WCv值计算灌水定额补灌，获得了与传统烘干法测墒补灌一致的效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this experiment, the field capacity (FCv) and soil volumetric moisture content (WCv) were measured by three kinds of soil moisture instruments as frequency domain reflection (FDR), time domain reflection (TDR) and standing wave ratio (SWR) under field condition. The target relative soil moisture content was controlled as 80%, 70% and 70% in before the winter, jointing stage and anthesis stage, respectively. The soil depths for measuring soil moisture were set 20, 40 cm and 60 cm in each supplemental irrigation stage. The accuracy and stability of different instruments for soil moisture measuring during growing season of winter wheat has been researched to explore the effect and different reasons measuring soil moisture by different instruments to calculate irrigation quota for supplemental irrigation. The results showed that: The relative error was 0.4%～2.6% comparing the FCv-m measured by FDR and SWR with the FCm measured by the traditional method. The relative error between the WCv-m measured by TDR and the WCm measured by drying method has shown a significant positive correlation with the related soil depth temperature. It was high in sowing period, blossom stage and mature period, but was lower in before wintering and jointing stage. The relative error of WCv-m and WCm measured by SWR with the soil moisture content was a significant negative correlation, the measured accuracy was higher under the condition of higher soil moisture content. The measured accuracy and stability of FDR were total higher, which less affected by soil temperature and soil moisture in the growing season of winter wheat. Direct using the FCv and WCv measured by FDR to calculate the irrigation quota for supplemental irrigation have obtained the coincidence effect with the traditional drying method. |
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