| 李文昊,王振华,郑旭荣,张金珠.冻融对北疆盐碱地长期滴灌棉田土壤盐分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):40~46 |
| 冻融对北疆盐碱地长期滴灌棉田土壤盐分的影响 |
| Effects of freezing and thawing on soil salinity in cotton fields by long-term drip irrigation of saline-alkaline soil in North Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.03.07 |
| 中文关键词: 冻融 棉田 滴灌 土壤盐分 淋洗作用 北疆 |
| 英文关键词:freezing and thawing cotton field drip irrigation soil salinity leaching function North Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51369027）；石河子大学杰出青年培育项目（2013ZRKXJQ02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解北疆积雪覆盖条件下，冻融作用对盐碱地膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分分布及变化的影响。采用时空变异法，以连续应用膜下滴灌0、4、6、8、10、15 a 6块棉田初春土壤盐分的变化为例进行分析。结果表明，“冻层滞水”及积雪消融入渗对80～100cm深度土体中盐分具有天然淋洗作用,冻融前后土壤盐分分布呈“广口杯”状。4月5日至14日在水分(直接驱动力)运动影响下，60～80 cm土层含盐量降低,其中一部分随毛管水向上蒸发,滞留于0～40 cm土壤；另一部分受重力水作用向下淋洗，80 cm以下土层含盐量升高。滴灌0 a地块0～140 cm土体内储盐量为29 063.00 g，滴灌15 a后，降至5 778.86 g。冻融对盐分的淋洗作用在应用滴灌年限较短地块表现得相对明显，即土壤中含盐量越高，淋洗作用越显著；冻融后滴灌0 a棉田0～140 cm土体储盐量降低8 941.33 g，滴灌15 a棉田降低614.62 g。提出冻融循环对土壤中盐分的天然淋洗作用是北疆盐碱地长期膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分降低的重要因素之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effects of freezing and thawing function on soil salinity distribution and change in cotton field of saline-alkaline soils with drip irrigation under plastic film under snow cover condition in North Xinjiang, using the spatial and temporal variation method, taking the soil salinity change at early spring in 6 cotton fields with 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15 year continued drip irrigation under plastic film as case study, carried out the analysis. The results showed that: The stagnant water in frozen layer and infiltration of snow thawing had the natural leaching function for the soil salinity in 80～100 cm soil depth. Before and after freezing and thawing, the soil salinity distribution displayed a wide-mouth-cup shape. Under the influence of water movement during April 5 to April 14, the soil salinity was reduced at 60～80 cm soil layers, among them, a part of water went up by capillary through evaporation, stranded at 0～40 cm soil depth. Another part of water leached down by gravity, the soil salinity content was increased below 80 cm depth. The amount of salt storage was 29 063.00 g in 0～140 cm soil depth in 0 a land, but after drip irrigation for 15 years, reduced to 5 778.86 g. The leaching function on soil salinity by freeze-thaw was relatively obvious in shorter years of drip irrigation, as the higher soil salinity content, the more notable for the leaching function. The salt storage content was reduced 8 941.33 g in 0～140 cm soil depth in 0 a drip irrigation cotton land after freeze-thaw. After 15 years of drip irrigation, the cotton land was reduced 614.62 g. So put forward the natural leaching function by freeze-thaw cycles on soil salinity was one of the important factors for reducing soil salinity content in cotton land by long-term drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang. |
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