| 霍琳,王成宝,逄焕成,杨思存,李玉义,姜万礼.有机无机肥配施对新垦盐碱荒地土壤理化性状和作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):105~111 |
| 有机无机肥配施对新垦盐碱荒地土壤理化性状和作物产量的影响 |
| Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on physical and chemical properties and crop yields in alkali-saline soil |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.17 |
| 中文关键词: 有机无机肥配施 新垦盐碱荒地 土壤理化性状 玉米产量 引黄灌区 |
| 英文关键词:combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers newly reclaimed alkali-saline land soil physicochemical properties maize grain yield the Yellow River irrigation district |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项 (200903001)和甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项(2011GAAS06-17) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过田间小区试验研究了有机无机肥配合施用对甘肃引黄高扬程灌区新垦盐碱荒地土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响。结果表明：有机无机肥配合施用能显著改善土壤物理性状，0～10、10～20 cm和20～40 cm土层平均容重分别降低了9.31%、6.16%和4.29%，总孔隙度分别提高了10.00%、7.56%和4.95%；有机无机肥配施降低了0～20 cm土层紧实度，且随着有机肥用量的增加，降低的幅度越大；施肥能改善新垦盐碱荒地土壤养分状况，与N0M0(CK)处理相比，耕层土壤有机质含量增加了5.2%～24.0%，全氮、磷、钾分别增加了20.83%～58.33%、10.85%～81.40%和2.80%～15.42%，碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加了4.18%～113.42%、51.43%～312.38%和5.84%～32.22%。施肥能显著提高玉米籽粒产量，增幅在13.4%～168.8%；氮肥在作物产量增加中起到了主导作用，增幅达53.5%～130.7%，而有机肥的增幅只有8.8%～22.1%。同时，有机无机肥配施也能显著改善玉米植株性状，施氮肥300 kg·hm-2、有机肥24 t·hm-2处理的株高、穗长、行粒数最高，施氮肥600 kg·hm-2、有机肥24 t·hm-2处理的穗粗、穗行数和百粒重最高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yields in newly reclaimed alkali-saline land at Yellow River irrigation district of Northwest China's Gansu province. The results showed that combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved soil physical properties. Soil average bulk density in 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm, and 20～40 cm layers was respectively reduced by 9.31%, 6.16%, and 4.29%, whereas the total porosity of that increased by 10.00%, 7.56%, and 10.00%, respectively. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers reduced the soil compaction in 0～20 cm layer, and the reduction range increased with the increase of organic manure. Application of fertilizers improved nutrient status of soil in newly reclaimed alkali-saline land. Compared with N0M0 treatment, organic matter was increased by 5.2%～24.0%,total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 20.83%～58.33%, 10.85%～81.40%, and 2.80%～15.42%, and available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium by 4.18%～113.42%, 51.43% ～312.38%, and 5.84%～32.22%, respectively. Application of fertilizers significantly improved crop yields by 13.4%～168.8%. Nitrogen fertilizer played a leading role in increasing crop yield by a range of 53.5%～130.7%, and the organic manure by 8.8%～22.1%%. Meanwhile, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the performance of maize plant, with plant height, ear length, grains per row of maize in N 300 kg·hm-2 and organic manure 24 t·hm-2 being the highest, and similarly the ear diameter, rows per ear, hundred grain weight in N 600 kg·hm-2 and organic manure 24 t·hm-2. |
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