| 银敏华,李援农,谷晓博,马朋辉,张志昊.灌水与覆膜对春玉米土壤温度、生育期和水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):117~124 |
| 灌水与覆膜对春玉米土壤温度、生育期和水分利用的影响 |
| Effects of irrigation and plastic film mulching on soil temperature, crop growing stages and water use of spring maize |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.19 |
| 中文关键词: 灌水模式 覆膜时长 土壤温度 干物质量 蒸散量 春玉米 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation mode plastic film mulching soil temperature dry mass evapotranspiration spring maize |
| 基金项目:国家863计划项目(2011AA1005A4) |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1528 |
| 全文下载次数: 973 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 在移动式遮雨棚内，采用子母桶栽土培法，研究充分灌水（F）和调亏灌水（D）2种灌水模式与拔节期揭膜（A）、抽雄期揭膜（B）和全生育期覆膜（C）3种覆膜时长对春玉米整个生育期（苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和灌浆期）地面下5、10 cm和15 cm深度处土壤温度、生育周期、干物质量、蒸散量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：各生育期土壤温度的主导影响因子有差异；5 cm深度处土壤温度日变幅最大，覆膜的增温效应主要体现在0～10 cm土层；处理间（DB和FC）生育周期最大相差8 d；整个生育期中，与全生育期覆膜处理相比，拔节期揭膜处理和抽雄期揭膜处理累积降温对收获时春玉米干物质量的效应在2012年分别为16.3 g·℃-1和60.2 g·℃-1，2013年分别为18.4 g·℃-1和61.8 g·℃-1；同一灌水模式下，随覆膜时间的延长，蒸散量减少，与充分灌水处理相比，调亏灌水处理在3种覆膜时长（A、B、C）下蒸散量在2012年依次减少7.1%、6.6%和4.3%，2013年依次减少6.3%、6.2%和5.4%；调亏灌水和抽雄期揭膜均可获得较高的水分利用效率，两年中处理间水分利用效率的极差（DB处理和FA处理）分别为0.12 g·mm-1和0.13 g·mm-1。综合考虑土壤温度、生育周期和水分利用效率，调亏灌水+抽雄期揭膜（DB）组合具有较好的节水增产效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the movable rainproof shelter, spring maize (Longyu 58) was planted to study the effects of two irrigation modes including full irrigation (F) and regulated deficit irrigation (D), and three plastic film mulching durations including mulching till jointing stage (A), mulching till tasseling stage (B) and mulching all stages (C), on soil temperature at depths of 5, 10 cm and 15 cm, respectively, as well as growing cycle, dry mass, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency. Results showed that the leading factors for soil temperature at different growing stage varied. The temperatures at 5 cm were quite variable. Effect of increased temperature by plastic film mulching was mainly in 0 to 10 cm soil layer. The biggest difference in growth cycles between treatments (DB and FC) was 8 days. During the whole growth period, compared with mulching over all stages, the decreased soil temperature caused by mulching till jointing stage and mulching till tasseling stage contributed to the accumulations of dry mass by 16.3 g·℃-1 and 60.2 g·℃-1 in 2012, respectively, and 18.4 g·℃-1 and 61.8 g·℃-1 in 2013, respectively. Under the same irrigation mode, evapotranspiration became decreased with the increase of plastic film mulching duration. The evapotranspiration levels under regulated deficit irrigation at three kinds of plastic film mulching durations (A, B, C) were reduced by 7.1%, 6.6% and 4.3%, respectively, in 2012 and 6.3%, 6.2% and 5.4%, respectively, in 2013. Regulated deficit irrigation and mulching till tasseling stage could obtain high water use efficiency. The increments between extreme values (DB and FA) in two years were 0.12 g·mm-1 and 0.13 g·mm-1, respectively. In conclusion, in consideration of soil temperature, growing cycle and water use efficiency, the treatment by regulated deficit irrigation and mulching till tasseling stage had possible effects in increasing yield and saving water. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |