| 倪东宁,李瑞平,史海滨,苗庆丰,梁建财.秋灌对冻融期土壤水盐热时空变化规律影响及灌水效果评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):141~145 |
| 秋灌对冻融期土壤水盐热时空变化规律影响及灌水效果评价 |
| Temporal and spatial variation of soil water-salt-heat during freezing and thawing period and the irrigation effect under the autumn irrigation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.22 |
| 中文关键词: 秋灌 冻融期 土壤温度 水盐运移 玉米 河套灌区 |
| 英文关键词:autumn irrigation freezing and thawing period soil temperature water and salt transport maize Hetao irrigation district |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51369018）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2011BS0301）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD29B03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究河套灌区秋灌条件下冻融期土壤水盐热变化规律及其灌水效果，采用田间试验的方法，对秋灌前至土壤冻融结束期间温度变化下水盐运移规律及玉米播种前的土壤水盐热条件进行了研究分析。结果表明：冻融期各层土壤温度在各时段具有相同的变化趋势，土壤温度的变化直接影响到水盐的运移过程；冻结期在温度梯度作用下非冻结区水分向冻结区运移使得冻结区土壤含水率增加，平均增幅4.02%～18.18%；进入消融期后上层土壤出现返浆现象，0～10 cm土壤含水率平均较冻结期增加11.54%～111.15%；随着温度的升高，在水势梯度的作用下盐随水向表层运移出现春季返盐现象；秋灌后土壤盐分被淋洗到作物根系层以下，但还存在于田间，所以冻结期随着水分的上移，根系层以下盐分又被带到上层土壤中，各土层含盐量平均增幅11.19%～50.19%；消融结束后下层土壤由于消融水下渗，盐分随之向下运移，20～100 cm土层含盐量平均降幅15.71%～44.95%，呈现脱盐趋势。研究表明秋灌灌水定额为1 500 m3·hm-2播前土壤水、盐、热状况较适宜于灌区玉米覆膜沟灌种植模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the changes in soil water-salt-heat during freezing and thawing period and evaluate the effect of autumn irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District. The water-salt transportation under the changing temperature and soil water-salt-heat condition before maize seeding were analyzed based on field experiment. The results show that temperature of the soil layer during freezing and thawing period changed similarly for each period, affecting the moving of water and salt. In the freezing period, the non-frozen area water moved to the frozen area according to the temperature gradient, as increased by 4.02% to 18.18% by soil moisture. In the melting period, the 0～10 cm layer soil moisture content increased 11.54%～111.15% higher than freezing period. With the increase of temperature in spring season, the salt first moved with water to the surface soil under the water potential gradient. In the freezing period, the salt below the root layer is taken to the upper layer of soil, and the average increase rate in salt content is 11.19%～50.19%. Because of the infiltration of melt water and downward transport of the salt, the subsoil showed a trendency to desalination after soil melting, the salt content decreased on average by 15.71%～44.95% in the 20～100 cm layer. Autumn irrigation quota of 1 500 m3·hm-2, is suitable for planting pattern of maize mulching and furrow irrigation. The results of this study could be used to formulate autumn irrigation scheduling in Hetao irrigation district. |
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