| 王雯,张雄.不同灌溉方式对榆林沙区马铃薯生长和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):153~159 |
| 不同灌溉方式对榆林沙区马铃薯生长和产量的影响 |
| Effects of different irrigation methods on growth and yield of potato in the sandy area of Yulin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.24 |
| 中文关键词: 灌溉方式 马铃薯 生长 产量 榆林沙区 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation method potato growth yield sandy area of Yulin |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点科技创新团队建设计划“陕北农业节水综合研究-创新团队”（2013KCT-29） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 开展膜下滴灌（MG）、露地滴灌（DG）、交替隔沟灌（JG）、沟灌（GA）和漫灌（CK）5种灌溉方式对马铃薯生长和产量影响的研究，旨在筛选出适合榆林沙区的最有效的节水灌溉方式。结果表明：(1) MG处理的马铃薯植株生长发育状况优于其他灌溉方式。整个生育期，MG处理的株高、茎粗以及叶片SPAD值均高于其他处理，且显著高于CK（P＜0.05）。除苗期外，不同处理的株高、茎粗及SPAD值均表现为MG>DG>JG>GA>CK。(2) 在整个生育期，MG处理的马铃薯叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均高于其他处理，且显著高于CK（P＜0.05）。(3) MG处理的马铃薯增产增收效果显著。不同处理马铃薯的商品薯率和小区产量均表现为：MG>DG>JG>GA>CK，MG处理分别较DG、JG、GA和CK增产6.2%、18.3%、29.7%和43.1%，分别较DG、JG、GA和CK增收7.3%、22.5%、41.1%和65.6%，并且分别比JG、GA和CK节水21.4%、30.2%和54.2%，节水效果明显。总体来看，同其他4种灌溉方式相比，膜下滴灌是榆林沙区马铃薯生产中最有效的一种节水灌溉方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to select the most effective irrigation method which was suitable for the sandy area of northern Yulin, the effects of drip irrigation on the growth and yield of potato were studied under mulch (MG), drip irrigation without mulch (DG), furrow irrigation (GA), alternate furrow irrigation (JG) and flood irrigation (CK). The results showed that with the treatment of MG, the growth and development of potato were better than those with other irrigation methods. During the whole growth period, the plant height, stem diameter and leaf SPAD value by the treatment of MG were higher than those by other treatments, and were significantly higher than those in the CK (P＜0.05). Except for the seedling stage, effects on the growth indexes by all the treatments were significant in the order of MG>DG>JG>GA>CK. Under the treatment of MG, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of potato leaf were higher than those under the other treatments, and were significantly higher than those in the CK (P＜0.05). In addition, the effects on yield increase and income increase with the treatment of MG were prominent. The commodity potato rates and plot yields resulted from different treatments were in the order of MG>DG>JG>GA>CK. Among them, the yield by the treatment of MG was 6.2%, 18.3%, 29.7% and 43.1% higher than DG, JG, GA and CK, respectively, and its income was 7.3%, 22.5%, 41.1% and 65.6% higher than DG, JG, GA and CK, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of water used in the treatment of MG was 21.4%, 30.2% and 54.2% less than JG, GA and CK, respectively, which had a remarkable effect on water saving. Overall, comparing with other irrigation methods, the drip irrigation under mulch is one of the most effective irrigation methods in the sandy area of northern Yulin. |
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