| 胡洵瑀,王靖.华北平原夏玉米各生育阶段农业气候要素变化特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):251~258 |
| 华北平原夏玉米各生育阶段农业气候要素变化特征 |
| Analyses of variations in agro-climatic elements during summer maize growing season in North China Plain |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.38 |
| 中文关键词: 华北平原 夏玉米 生育期 气候变化 |
| 英文关键词:North China Plain summer maize growing period climatic change |
| 基金项目:中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室开放研究基金项目(AMF201203)；国家自然科学基金项目(41101046)；973项目(2009CB118608) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于华北平原6个农业气象试验站1981—2009年夏玉米生育期资料，以及同期48个气象站平均、最高和最低温度，降水、日照时数等逐日气象资料，采用线性倾向估计的方法，分析了华北平原近30年夏玉米各生育阶段农业气候要素的变化趋势。结果表明：(1) 夏玉米出苗～拔节期的温度升高，其中平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度的增幅分别为0.42℃·10a-1、0.36℃·10a-1和0.58℃·10a-1(P<0.05)，平均最低温度显著增加的站点多于平均最高温度显著增加的站点，温度日较差降幅为0.22℃·10a-1(P<0.05)；夏玉米拔节～抽雄期的温度变化不明显，温度日较差降幅为0.22℃·10a-1(P<0.05)；夏玉米抽雄～成熟期的平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度均下降，降幅分别为0.16℃·10a-1(P<0.05)，0.15℃·10a-1(P<0.05)和0.06℃·10a-1，其中下降显著的站点位于山东省。(2) 各生育阶段降水量变化不明显，全区仅山东南部和河南中部出苗～拔节期的降水量增加显著。(3) 除播种～出苗期外，各生育阶段的总辐射量均显著下降，其中出苗～拔节、拔节～抽雄、抽雄～成熟和全生育期的日均总辐射降幅分别0.83、1.10、0.87 MJ·m-2·10a-1和0.89 MJ·m-2·10a-1(P<0.05)，且大部分站点下降显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on phenological data of summer maize at from typical agro-meteorological experimental stations and parallel daily meteorological data from 48 meteorological stations in the North China Plain (NCP) from 1981 to 2009, we analyzed the variations of agro-climatic elements during summer maize growing season in recent 30 years by using the method of liner regression. The results showed that mean temperature, mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature during the period from emergence to jointing were increased by 0.42℃·10a-1, 0.36℃·10a-1 and 0.58℃·10a-1(P<0.05), respectively. There were more stations where mean minimal temperature became increased statistically significantly than those where mean maximum temperature was increased significantly. Mean daily temperature range became decreased by 0.22℃·10a-1(P<0.05) during the period from emergence to jointing. There was no significant changing trend in the temperature during the period from jointing to tasseling. However, mean daily temperature range was decreased by 0.22℃·10a-1(P<0.05) from jointing to tasseling. Mean temperature, mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature during the period from tasseling to maturity were decreased by 0.16℃·10a-1(P<0.05), 0.15℃·10a-1(P<0.05) and 0.06℃·10a-1, respectively. The stations where the temperature became decreased significantly in statistics were located in Shandong province. Also, precipitation was changed little during all the development stages of summer maize, except for the south area of Shandong and the middle regions of Henan where precipitation during the period from the emergence to jointing had been increased significantly. Additionally, mean daily radiation was decreased by 0.83 MJ·m-2·10a-1, 1.10 MJ·m-2·10a-1, 0.87 MJ·m-2·10a-1 and 0.89 MJ·m-2·10a-1(P<0.05), respectively, during the periods from emergence to jointing, from jointing to tasseling, from tasseling to maturity and from sowing to maturity. The results are helpful to refine the agricultural measures in summer maize production in NCP. |
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