| 梁玉莲,韩明臣,白龙,黎美宏.中国近30年农业气候资源时空变化特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):259~267 |
| 中国近30年农业气候资源时空变化特征 |
| Spatial-temporal distribution and variation characteristics of the agricultural climate resources over recent 30 years in China |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.04.39 |
| 中文关键词: 中国 农业气候资源 时空变化 特征分析 |
| 英文关键词:China agricultural climate resources spatial-temporal variations characteristic analysis |
| 基金项目:国家重大科学研究计划项目气候变化对典型区社会经济系统影响的关键参数研究（2012CB95570003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于1950s—2010年中国756个标准气象台站的地面观测数据，以年降水量为200、400、800 mm为中国干旱-半干旱-半湿润-湿润地区的分界线，选取代表农业气候资源的关键气象因子，采用GIS技术揭示1981—2010年气候态下不同地区农业资源的分布现状；并与1950s—1980年气候态相比较，分析其时空变化特征。结果表明：我国近30年的光照资源总体减小，太阳辐射资源较前30年总体减小458.07 MJ·m-2，日照时数总体减小126 h；热量资源总体增加，无霜期除华南地区南部减小其余地区均有不同程度的增长，≥5℃积温较前30年增幅大多在1%～2%之间，干旱、半干旱地区的热量资源增幅明显大于湿润和半湿润地区；除干旱区生长季降水增加外（+10.33%），其余三个地区的生长季降水均呈减少趋势，其中半湿润地区的生长季降水减少最为明显（-3.01%）。农业生产和作物种植布局应参考不同区域的农业气候资源分布进行合理配置，并根据其增减趋势适时开展适应性措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To evaluate the concurrent distribution status of various agricultural climatic resources between 1981—2010, a Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was employed using the key meteorological factors as the representatives, based on data from 756 surface meteorological stations between 1950s—2010 by defining three base annual precipitation lines (200 mm, 400 mm, 800 mm) as boundaries of “arid-semi-arid-semi-humid-humid” regions in China. Also, by comparing to climatology data between 1950s—1980, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of agricultural climatic resources were analyzed. The results showed that the optical energy in recent 30 years was decreased and the sunshine hours and the solar radiation resources were reduced by 458.07MJ·m2 and 126 h respectively. The heat resources displayed an opposite change, evidenced by the increased frostless season in most areas except for the south of South China. The distribution trends of growing season precipitation rate became increased, but precipitations in most areas were decreased. Annual accumulated temperature was increased by 1%～2%, and arid region and semi-arid region showed larger increased amplitude than humid region and semi-region. Growing season precipitations in arid region were increased (+10.33%); while other three regions became decreased with the largest decrease in semi-humid region (-3.01%). In conclusion, agriculture production and crop distribution should be reasonably allocated considering distributions of agriculture climatic resources in different regions, and should also be implemented with adaptive measures according to the tendencies. |
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