| 任丽雯,马兴祥,丁文魁.干旱区不同灌溉模式和播期对玉米干物质积累分配的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):147~153 |
| 干旱区不同灌溉模式和播期对玉米干物质积累分配的影响 |
| Effects of different irrigation methods and sowing dates on maize dry matter accumulation and distribution in arid region |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.05.27 |
| 中文关键词: 灌溉模式 播期 玉米 干物质 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation method sowing date maize dry matter |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程特征及其若干阈值研究”(41275118)；科技部行业(气象)专项“农田土壤水分利用效率对气候变化的响应及适应技术”(GYHY201106029)；甘肃省气象局气象科研项目“基于作物系数法的春小麦干旱指标体系建立”(2012-15)；中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所科研项目“黄土高原农田蒸散空间变异特征及其环境影响”(KYS2012BSKY01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在武威荒漠生态与农业气象试验站，设滴灌、喷灌、漫灌三种灌溉模式和4月10、20、30日三个播期，共九种处理，分析了不同灌溉模式和播期对干物质积累分配的影响，并从中找出最适宜当地玉米节水、增产的灌溉模式和播期。试验结果表明：滴灌、喷灌、漫灌3种灌溉方式中喷灌最有利于提高玉米干物质总量（较滴灌提高11.2%～26.2%，较漫灌提高13.9%～53.9%），且喷灌模式下的器官干物质转移分配率较高，果穗重最大（较滴灌提高9.0%～25.9%，较漫灌提高19.2%～59.3%）。3个播期中第二播期是试验区最适宜的播种时期，其干物质总量较第一播期提高0.1%～53.5%，较第三播期提高8.8%～22.0%；这一播期下的叶片转移分配率较高，果穗干物质积累较高（较一期提高0.2%～54.7%，较三期提高10.4%～18.8%）。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An experimental design including nine treatments, 3 irrigation methods (drip, sprinkler and flood irrigation), and 3 sowing dates on April 10, April 20 and April 30 was carried out at dessert ecological and agthe ricultural meteorological station of Wuwei. Through analyzing the effects of different irrigation method and sowing dates, the most suitable irrigation method, sowing date in saving water, and improvement in yield for this area were desired to be investigated. The results showed that compared with other two irrigation methods, sprinkling irrigation and flood irrigation, sprinkling irrigation could mostly improve the total accumulation dry matter of maize, 11.2%～26.2% and 13.9%～53.9% higher than drip and flood irrigations, respectively. In addition, the transfer and distribution rates of the organ dry matter and the ear weight were also highest with sprinkling irrigation, 9.0%～25.9% and 19.2%～59.3% higher than those with flood and drip irrigations, respectively. The second sowing date (April 20th) was the most suitable sowing time for this area among the three sowing dates. For maize planted on the second sowing date, the total accumulation of dry matter was improved by 0.1%～53.5% and 8.8%～22.0% more than those planted on the first sowing date and the third sowing date. Also, the transfer and distribution rates of leaf and dry matter accumulation of ear from the second sowing date were higher than those from the two other sowing dates (0.2%～54.7% and 10.4%～18.8% higher, respectively). |
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