滴水量对新大豆27号根系生长及产量的影响

王聪; 章建新

王聪,章建新.滴水量对新大豆27号根系生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(5):169~174

滴水量对新大豆27号根系生长及产量的影响

Effects of drip irrigation amount on root growth and yield of soybean 27

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.05.30

中文关键词: 大豆滴水量超高产根系垂直分布

英文关键词:soybean dripping amount super-high-yielding root vertical distribution

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31160226)

作者	单位
王聪	新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
章建新	新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

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中文摘要:

为揭示滴水量对超高产大豆根系生长的影响规律，设置975 m³·hm^-2（W₁）、1 575 m³·hm^-2（W₂）、2 175 m³·hm^-2（W₃）、2 775 m³·hm^-2（W₄）4种滴水处理，对各处理0～100 cm土层含水量、新大豆27号根系干重、侧根长和产量进行测定分析。结果表明：随着滴水量的增加，0～40 cm土层的含水量增加；0～20 cm土层根干重密度和侧根长密度增幅最大，20～40 cm土层增幅其次；增加生育中后期0～80 cm土层总根干重和总侧根长，鼓粒初期W₂、W₃、W₄处理的根干重分别较W₁增加14.2%、30.4%、41.1%，侧根长分别较W₁增加17.4%、25.7%、40.3%；提高0～40 cm土层根系活力，增加根系伤流量，提高水分利用效率，W₃、W₄鼓粒初期0～80 cm土层根干重分别为88.6、95.8 g·m^-2，侧根长为432.4～482.9 m·m^-2，产量分别为6 082.6 kg·hm^-2、6 404.7 kg·hm^-2，水分利用效率为1.30左右。新疆伊宁地区大豆的适宜滴水量为2 175～2 775 m³·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

To reveal influence of dripping water amount on the ultra-high-yielding soybean root growth，a field research method was employed. Treatments with four dripping levels at 975 m³·hm^-2(W₁), 1 575 m³·hm^-2 (W₂), 2 175 m³·hm^-2 (W₃), and 2 775 m³·hm^-2 (W₄) were set to examine the influences on moisture in 0～100 cm soil layer, soybean root dry weight, lateral root length and yield. The results showed that with the increase of water dripping amount, soil moisture in 0～40 cm was increased. Soil root dry weight density and lateral root length density in 0～20 cm had been increased most, followed by those in 20～40 cm soil layer. At late growth stage, total root dry weight and total lateral root length in 0～80 cm soil were increased significantly. At the beginning of filling period, compared to those with W₁ treatment, root dry weight with W₂, W₃, and W₄, were increased by 14.2%, 30.4%, and 41.1%, respectively. Additionally, lateral root lengths became increased by 17.4%, 25.7%, and 40.3%, respectively. Root activity in 0～40 cm soil was increased significantly, as well as root bleeding sap, resulting in improvement of water use efficiency. Moreover, with W₃ and W₄ treatments at the beginning of filling period, soil root dry weights in 0～80 cm were 88.6 g·m^-2 and 95.8 g·m^-2, respectively; lateral root lengths were 432.4～482.9 m·m^-2; yields were 6 082.6 kg·hm^-2 and 6404.7 kg·hm^-2, respectively; and water use efficiency was about 1.30. In conclusion, suitable drip amounts for soybean in Xinjiang Yining were 2 175～2 775 m³·hm^-2.

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