| 肖登攀,齐永青,王仁德,刘剑锋,栗志强.1981—2009年新疆小麦和玉米物候期与气候条件变化研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(6):189~194 |
| 1981—2009年新疆小麦和玉米物候期与气候条件变化研究 |
| Changes in phenology and climatic conditions of wheat and maize in Xinjiang during 1981—2009 |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2015.06.32 |
| 中文关键词: 物候 气候因子 小麦 玉米 生长阶段 新疆 |
| 英文关键词:phenology climatic factor wheat maize growth stage Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41401104）; 河北省自然科学基金（D2015302017）; 中国博士后科学基金（2015M570167） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 选取新疆地区1981—2009年17个农业气象观测站的作物（包括春小麦、冬小麦、春玉米和夏玉米）物候资料，利用统计方法分析了作物物候和各生长阶段气候条件的变化趋势。结果表明，春小麦播种、抽穗和成熟期分别提前2.0、3.2和3.3 d·10a-1；冬小麦播种期平均推迟1.2 d·10a-1，而抽穗和成熟期分别提前4.7 d·10a-1和2.8 d·10a-1；春玉米和夏玉米物候期主要呈提前趋势，其中夏玉米播种期平均提前达11.0 d·10a-1。物候的提前或推迟一定程度上导致作物各生长阶段历时发生改变。分析发现新疆地区春小麦营养生长阶段（播种—抽穗）平均缩短1.2 d·10a-1，而生殖生长阶段（抽穗—成熟）平均仅缩短0.1 d·10a-1。冬小麦营养生长阶段与生殖生长阶段呈相反的变化趋势，营养生长阶段平均缩短达5.9 d·10a-1，而生殖生长阶段却平均延长了1.9 d·10a-1，导致整个生育期平均缩短4.0 d·10a-1。春玉米和夏玉米各生长阶段主要呈延长趋势，春玉米营养生长阶段、生殖生长阶段和整个生长阶段分别平均延长0.8 d·10a-1、1.5 d·10a-1和2.3 d·10a-1；夏玉米3个生长阶段分别平均延长7.2 d·10a-1、1.2 d·10a-1和8.3 d·10a-1。分析研究区1981—2009年不同作物类型各生长阶段气候因子的变化趋势结果表明，大部分研究站点，作物各生长阶段最高温度和最低温度均呈增加趋势，同时其生殖生长阶段的日温差主要呈降低趋势。分析降水变化趋势表明，除春小麦和春玉米生殖生长阶段降水呈增加趋势外，大部分研究站点降水变化趋势不明显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Under the background of global climatic changes, crop phenology has experienced major changes over the past decades. In this study, statistical methods were employed to investigate the trends in phenology of crops (including spring wheat, winter wheat, spring maize and summer maize) during 1981—2009 on the basis of the phenological data from 17 agro-experimental stations in Xinjiang autonomous region. The results showed that spring wheat sowing, heading and maturity dates were advanced by 2.0, 3.2, and 3.3 d·10a-1, respectively. Within all stations investigated, sowing date of winter wheat was delayed by 1.2 d·10a-1, while the dates of heading and maturity occurred early by 4.7 d·10a-1and 2.8 d·10a-1, respectively. The phenology of spring maize and summer maize mostly occurred in advance. Particularly, the sowing date of summer maize occurred early by 11.0 d·10a-1. Furthermore, the changes of crops phenology led to the corresponding changes in the durations of different growth stages. Vegetative growth stages (from sowing to heading) of spring wheat became shortened on average by 1.2 d·10a-1, and reproductive growth phases (from heading to maturity) were shortened by 0.1 d·10a-1 in average. The changes of vegetative growth stages and reproductive growth stages of winter wheat showed opposite trends: the vegetative growth stage was shortened by an average of 5.9 d·10a-1, while the reproductive growth stage became prolonged by an average of 1.9 d·10a-1, causing the entire growth stage shortened by an average of 4.0 d·10a-1. All growth stages of spring maize and summer maize exhibited prolonged growing trends. Vegetative growth stages, reproductive growth stages, and the whole growth stages were extended by 0.8, 1.5 d·10a-1and 2.3 d·10a-1, respectively, and these three growth stages of summer maize were prolonged by 7.2, 1.2 d·10a-1and 8.3 d·10a-1, respectively. Through the investigation of the trends in climatic factors during different crops growth stages over the past three decades, it could be concluded that the maximum temperature and minimum temperature during all crops growth stages were increased at most of the stations investigated. In addition, daily temperature variation during reproductive growth stages of all crops showed a decreasing trend. The analysis of the precipitation trends during different growth stages showed that the changes of precipitation in the most stations were not obvious, except for increased precipitations during the reproductive growth stages of spring wheat and spring maize. |
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