| 洪明,赵经华,马英杰,穆哈西,游磊,王治国.干旱绿洲区枣园冠层微环境调控效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):16~22 |
| 干旱绿洲区枣园冠层微环境调控效应 |
| Micro environmental regulation effect of red jujube trees' canopy in arid oasis region |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.01.03 |
| 中文关键词: 红枣树 微环境调控 微喷弥雾 空气温度 相对湿度 |
| 英文关键词:red jujube trees micro environmental regulation atomization with micro spay atmosphere temperature relative humidity |
| 基金项目:新疆自治区科技重大专项(201130103-1)；国家科技支撑计划项目(2011Bad29B05)；新疆水利科技专项(2014T16)；新疆高校科研计划项目(20140627141513538)；新疆地方公派留学项目(XJDF201307)；新疆水利电工程重点学科基金资助项目(XJZDXK-2002-10-05) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在新疆干旱绿洲区，枣树花期常遇高温干旱天气，易造成坐果率低而导致红枣产量下降，增加灌水和人工弥雾等现有微环境调控技术易出现灌溉水利用效率低，农业面源污染严重，劳动强度大等问题。将盛花期微喷弥雾技术与微灌技术一体化，在两树行中间增加弥雾，架设高度0.5 m的雾化喷头，设置了弥雾30 min(T1)，60 min(T2)，90 min(T3)及滴水处理(T4)，以常规滴灌处理(CK)为对照，通过大田试验研究了微喷弥雾对枣园冠层微环境的调控效应。结果表明：干旱绿洲区红枣园冠层中部在盛花期时的高温天气每日会出现低温高湿和高温低湿两段共计约14 h左右的不适于红枣开花坐果的时段，微环境调控空间很大；处理T1～T4冠层中部温度较周围环境和CK分别低11.0%，10.5%，12.5%，14.0%和2.3%，0.4%，2.6%，3.8%，湿度较周围环境及CK分别高23.7%，20.0%，21.2%，17.2%和5.3%，2.2%，3.2%，-0.1%，产量较对照分别高9.4%，6.8%，6.7%，10.2%，表明微喷弥雾具有一定的改善冠层微环境和增产的作用；干旱绿洲区枣园冠层中部的空气温度与相对湿度呈较好的负线性关系；微喷弥雾对红枣树坐果率和果实品质的影响不尽相同，综合考虑产量和果实品质，微喷弥雾30 min的处理最佳，建议微喷弥雾应在12∶00和16∶00分两个时段进行。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Flowering stage of red jujube trees always encounters with hot dry weather in arid oasis region in XinJiang, which leads to lower setting rate and follows decreasing of red jujube yield easily. Increasing irrigation and artificial atomization are existed microenvironment regulation technology, which resulted some problems such as lower water use efficiency (WUE), serious agricultural nonpoint source pollution, high labor intensity and lacking of scientific foundation. In order to supply theoretical foundation to red jujube production in this area. After integrated atomization with micro spay technology (AWMS) with micro-irrigation, a line of micro sprinkler at 50 cm above the ground was installed and five treatments were created. The treatments were: T1, T2, T3 in which atomized for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min, respectively, T4 in which drip water volume equal to T2, control (CK) that was normal drip irrigation. Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of micro environmental regulation of red jujube trees canopy in arid oasis region. It turned out that there were two times a day—high atmosphere temperature(AT) with low relative humidity(RH) and low AT with high RH in central canopy of red jujube trees during the flowering stage when encounter with hot dry weather, in totally come up to about 14 hours, which showed great potential of micro environmental regulation of red jujube trees; canopy. AT of T1～T4 were 11.0%, 10.5%, 12.5%, 14.0% and 2.3%, 0.4%, 2.6%, 3.8% lower than those of surrounding and control, RH of T1～T4 were 23.7%, 20.0%, 21.2%, 17.2% and 5.3%, 2.2%, 3.2%, -0.1%, higher than those of surrounding and control, fruit yield were 9.4%, 6.8%, 6.7%, 10.2% higher than that control, which showed that AWMS have certain effect on improving AT and RH of central canopy and increasing fruit yield. There is an obvious negative linear relationship between AT and RH of central red jujube trees’ canopy. AWMS's effect on fruit setting rate and fruit qualities were not the same, the best treatments was T1, as far as fruit yield quality were concerned. It's recommended that AWMS should be carried out in two times a day, 12 Am in the morning and 4Pm in the afternoon. |
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