草木樨与脱硫石膏对内蒙古盐渍化土壤的改良培肥作用与效果

温国昌; 徐彦虎; 林启美; 李贵桐; 赵小蓉

温国昌,徐彦虎,林启美,李贵桐,赵小蓉.草木樨与脱硫石膏对内蒙古盐渍化土壤的改良培肥作用与效果[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):81~86

草木樨与脱硫石膏对内蒙古盐渍化土壤的改良培肥作用与效果

Improvement of Na₂SO₄ saline soil by Melilotus Mill and desulfurization gypsum in Hetao Inner Mongolia

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.01.13

中文关键词: 草木樨脱硫石膏硫酸盐盐渍化土壤内蒙古河套地区

英文关键词:Melilotus Mill desulfurization gypsum Na₂SO₄ saline soil Hetao Inner Mongolia

基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC02B06)

作者	单位
温国昌	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
徐彦虎	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
林启美	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
李贵桐	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
赵小蓉	中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193

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中文摘要:

在内蒙古河套地区硫酸钠盐渍化土壤布置田间试验，研究种植草木樨和施用脱硫石膏(30 t·hm^-2)对盐渍化土壤的改良作用与效果。结果表明：春季灌溉洗盐大幅度降低土体土壤pH值、盐渍化程度，尤其是表层土壤，pH值和EC值分别降低1.54～2.07和7%～69%，主要盐分离子Na⁺和SO₄^2-分别降低了80%和39%。施用脱硫石膏对灌溉洗盐没有显著的影响，但显著降低土壤有机质、有效磷、有效钾含量，分别降低了20%、15%和50%；施用脱硫石膏提高草木樨生物量34%，但植株磷含量降低了42%。种植草木樨大幅度降低土壤EC值和盐分离子含量，表层土壤主要盐分离子Na⁺和SO₄^2-含量分别从670 mg·kg^-1和2 500 mg·kg^-1降低至3.38 mg·kg^-1和140.80 mg·kg^-1，降低了200倍和16倍；土壤有机质和碱解氮含量分别提高了6%和40%，而有效磷、有效钾却降低了49%和26%，同时施用脱硫石膏，尽管对土壤pH值、EC值和盐分离子浓度没有太大的影响，但显著提高了土壤有机质和碱解氮含量，有效磷和有效钾含量也相对有所增加。说明草木樨具有很好改良培肥盐渍化土壤作用，与脱硫石膏也有一定的交互作用，可加快盐渍化土壤改良培肥，但需要增加磷钾肥的施用。

英文摘要:

To investigate the improvement results from both Melilotus Mill and desulfurization gypsum (30 t·hm^-2) on salt contents and properties, a field experiment was set up in the Na₂SO₄ saline soil at Hetao Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the irrigation in spring largely reduced the pH and salinization level. In particular, the values of pH and EC in surface soil were reduced by 1.54～2.07 and 7%～69% respectively. The concentrations of main salt ions Na⁺ and SO₄^2- became decreased by 80% and 39%, respectively. Addition of desulfurization gypsum had no significant effect on salt washing, but reduced soil organic matter, available P and K by 20%, 15% and 50%, respectively, implying that addition of desulfurization gypsum enhanced nutrient leaching during irrigation washing. The amendment of desulfurization gypsum resulted in 34% increase of Melilotus Mill biomass. However, the P content in plant tissue was significantly reduced by 42%. Melilotus Mill largely reduced soil EC and ion contents. The concentrations of main ions of Na⁺ and SO₄^2- in the surface soil were decreased from 670 mg·kg^-1 to 3.38 mg·kg^-1, and from 2 500 mg·kg^-1 to 140.80 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which was about 200 times and 16 times lower than those in the soil before cultivation. The contents of both soil organic matter and alkaline-released N were elevated by 6% and 40% respectively. In contrary, available P and K went decreased by 49% and 26%, respectively. Though addition of Melilotus Mill had not significant impacts on soil pH, EC and salt ion concentration, it significantly lifted soil organic matter, alkaline-released N, available P and K. It was thus concluded that Melilotus Mill had a marked function in improving saline soil. There was also synergistic effect between Melilotus Milland desulfurization gypsum. To maintain available P and K nutrients levels in soil, additional PK fertilizers might be needed.

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