| 王珂,卫婷,董昭芸,张鹏,贾志宽.集雨种植模式下不同施肥水平对土壤水分消耗及冬小麦产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):93~98 |
| 集雨种植模式下不同施肥水平对土壤水分消耗及冬小麦产量的影响 |
| Effects of fertilizer application rates on soil water use and wheat yield under ridge-furrow practice with plastic mulching of the ridge |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.01.15 |
| 中文关键词: 集雨种植 施肥水平 土壤水分 旱作小麦 产量 半干旱区 |
| 英文关键词:ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting planting pattern fertilizer application levels soil moisture rainfed wheat yield semiarid areas |
| 基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题“西北旱作区抗逆稳产旱作农业技术集成与示范”（2012BAD09B03）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题“西北旱区农业水土资源潜力与高效利用模式集成及应用”（2011BAD29B09）；“十二五”国家863课题“旱作冬小麦水肥联合调控效应研究”（2011AA100504） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2012—2014年在宁南旱塬区布设旱地冬小麦垄膜沟播试验，研究了集雨种植模式下不同施肥水平对小麦不同生育阶段土壤水分、产量和水肥利用率的影响。试验设置集雨(R)和传统平作(B)两种种植模式，每种种植模式设置高（N+P：270+180 kg·hm-2）、中（N+P：180+120 kg·hm-2）、低（N+P：90+60 kg·hm-2）和不施肥4种施肥水平。结果表明：集雨种植模式在冬小麦生育前期可以显著提高0～200 cm土层的土壤贮水量，两年的平均产量较平作提高了10.57%（P<0.05），水分利用效率提高了3.83%，肥料农学效率提高了54.99%（P<0.05）。施肥对冬小麦生育期土壤水分有明显影响，冬小麦生育前期随着施肥量的增加土壤贮水量呈增加趋势，生育后期土壤贮水量随着施肥量的增加而减少。无论是集雨还是平作种植模式，各施肥处理的冬小麦经济产量和水分利用效率随着施肥量的增加呈增加趋势，但相邻肥力梯度间增幅随施肥量的增加逐渐降低，高肥处理虽产量和水分利用效率最高，但较中肥处理增产幅度不显著（P>0.05），集雨种植中肥处理的肥料农学效率最高，两年平均为3.91 kg·kg-1。由此认为，集雨种植模式配合中量施肥(N+P：180+120 kg·hm-2)可显著提高半干旱区旱作冬小麦产量及水肥利用效率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study was to explore the effects of the different chemical fertilizer application levels on soil moisture, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer agronomic efficiency(AE) under Ridge-furrow Rainfall Harvesting Planting pattern. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia from Sept. 2012 to June 2014. Two cultivation patterns (R: ridge-furrow cultivation and F: conventional flat cultivation) and four chemical fertilizer rates (H: 270+180 kg·hm-2, M: 180+120 kg·hm-2, L: N+P: 90+60 kg·hm-2, 0) were performed in this study. The results showed that soil water storages at 0～200 cm layers were significantly higher in R treatments than that of B treatments at the early growth stage of winter wheat. Yield, WUE and AE of wheat were larger in R, which were 10.57% (P<0.05), 3.83% and 54.99% (P<0.05) higher than that of B, respectively. Fertilization had significant effect on soil water storage during wheat growth period. At the early growth stage of winter wheat, soil water storage increased as fertilizer level increased. At late growth stage, soil water storage decreased as fertilizer level increased. Under both cultivation patterns, yield and WUE of winter wheat increased with the rising of fertilizer application. However, the increase amplitude of yield and WUE between adjacent fertility gradient became smaller gradually with the increasing of fertilizer application. RH was the recommended treatment in terms of yield and WUE. AE of wheat was the largest in RM which averaged 3.91 kg·kg-1 in two trial years. Therefore, the ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting pattern with middle fertilizer application (180+120 kg·hm-2) could significantly increase grain yield and WUE of winter wheat. |
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