| 张悦,岳善超,李婷,李世清.栽培模式、施氮量对旱作春玉米农田矿质氮和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):99~107 |
| 栽培模式、施氮量对旱作春玉米农田矿质氮和产量的影响 |
| Effects of cultivation patterns and nitrogen fertilization on mineral nitrogen and yield of dryland spring maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.01.16 |
| 中文关键词: 栽培模式 施氮量 硝态氮 产量 氮肥表观损失 氮肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词:cultivation patterns amount of nitrogen application nitrate yield apparent loss of nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41401343） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1425 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究了旱地不同栽培模式（全膜双垄沟和传统种植模式）和施氮量（0、170、200、230 kg·hm-2）对春玉米生长期间矿质氮和产量的影响。结果表明：不同处理条件下，硝态氮主要分布在0～40 cm土层，施氮量越高土壤中硝态氮的含量也就越高，随土层深度增加硝态氮含量降低；不同栽培模式对土壤中硝态氮的分布有明显影响，全膜双垄沟模式有助于玉米植株高效吸收利用土壤中的氮素，施氮量为0、170、200、230 kg·hm-2处理的吸氮量分别提高了89.3%、51.1%、66.6%和102.8%，所有处理的吸氮量平均提高77.4%，从而减少土壤硝态氮的残留，而传统种植模式的玉米植株利用土壤氮素效率低，易造成硝态氮残留在土壤中，当遇到强降雨时硝态氮的淋洗现象严重，将硝态氮迁至作物无法吸收利用的土壤深度，造成资源浪费；而铵态氮在土壤中不易迁移，施氮量、栽培模式及玉米不同生育时期对铵态氮在土壤剖面中的分布几乎没有影响；玉米的植株吸氮量与玉米产量成正比，施氮处理植株吸氮量与产量显著高于不施氮处理，但是不同施氮处理间的差异不显著。全膜双垄沟模式下春玉米的最佳施氮量为200 kg·hm-2，而传统种植模式下的最佳施氮量为170 kg·hm-2，且在干旱地区宜采用全膜双垄沟栽培模式种植春玉米。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different cultivation patterns (the whole film double furrow mode and traditional planting pattern) and nitrogen application rate (0, 170, 200, 230 kg·hm-2) on the soilmineral nitrogen and grain yield of spring maize. The results showed that in the 0～200 cm soil profile, soil nitrate content was decreased as the depth of soil layers increased and the soil nitrate was mainly distributed in the 0～40 cm soil profile. With the increase of nitrogen application, soil nitrate content became increased. Different cultivation patterns had significant influences on the distribution of nitrate in soil. Compared to the traditional planting pattern, the whole film double furrow planting pattern reduced the soil nitrate due to the ability improvement of the plant N uptake from the soil. The N uptake of treatment N0, N170, N200, N230 were increased by 89.3%, 51.1%, 66.6% and 102.8%, with an average of 77.4%. In contrast to the soil nitrate, the ammonium in the soil was changed very slightly and was not affected by the amount of nitrogen application, cultivation patterns or different growth stages of spring maize. Compared to the traditional planting pattern, the whole film double furrow planting pattern could significantly improve grain yield and plant N uptake. In summary, the optimum nitrogen application rate of the whole film double furrow mode was 200 kg·hm-2, while the traditional planting pattern was 170 kg·hm-2. In conclusion, the whole film double furrow mode was more suitable for spring maize in dryland regions. |
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