| 唐敏,赵西宁,吴普特,高晓东,黄俊.不同地表覆盖对枣树树干液流特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):120~126 |
| 不同地表覆盖对枣树树干液流特征的影响 |
| Effects of different surface mulching on jujube stem sap flow characteristics |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.01.19 |
| 中文关键词: 地表覆盖 枣树 树干液流 环境因子 热扩散 |
| 英文关键词:surface mulching jujube sap flow environmental factors thermal diffusion |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31172039）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD29B09） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同地表覆盖模式对枣树树干液流特征的影响，基于不同地表覆盖模拟试验，应用热扩散探针技术对枣树主要生长季（2013年6月—9月）树干液流进行定位监测，分析枣树枝全覆盖（WJBM）、枣树枝半覆盖+白三叶生草（JBM+SWC）、白三叶全生草覆盖（WCC）、清耕（CC）4种处理树干液流速率变化规律及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明：晴天各处理树干液流速率日变化均呈典型“几”字形宽峰曲线；阴天则均呈多峰波浪曲线，且变化趋势基本一致。阴天4种处理日均树干液流速率皆低于晴天，降低量分别为48.45%(WJBM)、41.94%(JBM+SWC)、45.59%(CC)、62.51%(WCC)。同一天气条件下，WJBM和JBM+SWC两处理树干液流速率均居于较高水平，WCC则较低。晴天，WCC与WJBM、JBM+SWC两处理均差异极显著（P<0.01），与CC则差异显著（P<0.05），WJBM与CC差异显著（P<0.05）；阴天，WCC与WJBM、JBM+SWC均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。不同地表覆盖下枣树树干液流速率月变化规律基本相似，各处理均表现为8月份月平均树干液流速率最高，分别为0.0984 cm·min-1（WJBM）、0.1032 cm·min-1(JBM+SWC）、0.0723 cm·min-1(CC)、0.0538 cm·min-1(WCC)，9月份则最低。4种处理月平均树干液流速率和0～70 cm土层平均土壤体积含水量整体表现为：WJBM>JBM+SWC>CC>WCC。不同处理枣树蒸腾速率（Tr）均与空气相对湿度（RH）呈负相关，与光合有效辐射（PAR）、空气温度（Tair）、风速（Vwind）呈正相关，PAR是影响各处理枣树蒸腾最主要的环境因子。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of different surface mulching patterns on jujube stem sap flow characteristics, this study was based on different surface mulching simulated experiments, and thermal diffusion probe technology was applied to measure jujube stem sap flow during the main growing season (June 2013 to September). The change rule of stem sap flow velocity, as well as its response to environmental factors, was analyzed in four treatments: whole jujube branches mulching (WJBM), jujube branches mulching + strip white clover cover (JBM+SWC), whole white clover cover (WCC) and clean cultivation (CC). The results indicated that diurnal variation of stem sap flow velocity in each treatment showed a typical broad curve in sunny day; while in cloudy day, it showed a multi-peak wavy curve, and the trends were basically consistent. The daily average stem sap flow velocity of the four treatments in a cloudy day were lower than that in a sunny day, and the reduction percentages were 48.45%(WJBM),41.94%(JBM+SWC), 45.59%(CC) and 62.51%(WCC), respectively. Under the same weather condition, stem sap flow velocity was at a high level both in WJBM and JBM+SWC, while it was low in WCC. In a sunny day, WCC displayed extremely significant differences with WJBM and JBM+SWC (P<0.01), as well as significant difference with CC (P<0.05); WJBM also had significant difference with CC (P<0.05). In a cloudy day, significant differences existed between WCC, and WJBM and JBM+SWC (P<0.05). The monthly variation of stem sap flow velocity under different surface mulching was basically similar. The monthly average stem sap flow velocity of each treatment reached the highest in August, 0.0984 cm·min-1 for WJBM, 0.1032 cm·min-1 for JBM+SWC, 0.0723 cm·min-1 for CC and 0.0538 cm·min-1 for WCC, while they were the lowest in September. For all the four treatments, the monthly average stem sap flow velocity and average soil volumetric water content in the 0～70 cm soil layer generally followed the order: WJBM>JBM+SWC>CC>WCC. Jujube transpiration velocity (Tr) in differ
ent treatments was negatively correlated with the air relative humidity (RH), while was positively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Tair) and wind speed (Vwind). PAR was the dominant environmental factor affecting jujube transpiration for each treatment. |
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