| 刘根红,许强,乔娜,康建宏,吴宏亮.宁夏自流灌区农作物氮磷低污染种植结构优化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):140~146 |
| 宁夏自流灌区农作物氮磷低污染种植结构优化 |
| Cultivation structure optimization of crops with low nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in irrigated Yellow River region of Ningxia |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.01.22 |
| 中文关键词: 氮 磷 低污染 种植模式 宁夏 自流灌区 |
| 英文关键词:nitrogen phosphorus low pollution planting patterns Ningxia irrigated Yellow River region |
| 基金项目:宁夏大学校自然基金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对宁夏引黄灌区农业生产中大量施用化肥对环境及农业退水污染严重等问题，在前期试验基础上，运用线性规划方法，以降低土壤氮磷流失量，兼顾产量效益条件下对宁夏自流灌区现有种植业结构进行了优化研究。结果表明：宁夏灌区主要种植模式的经济效益单作水稻及冬小麦-水稻较对照春小麦/玉米分别高36.8%和28.2%；氮流失量冬（春）小麦-青贮、冬（春）小麦-蔬菜、单作玉米、油葵较对照小麦/玉米分别低56.8%、50%、36.4%和36.4%；磷流失量冬（春）小麦-青贮、蔬菜、冬（春）小麦-油葵分别比对照低50%、42%和35.7%。优化的种植业结构播种面积为春小麦/玉米3.8万hm2、蔬菜5.5万hm2、玉米13.5万hm2、水稻6.7万hm2、冬小麦-青贮1.09万hm2，油葵4万hm2。在其播种面积条件下，结合灌区现有的种植条件与技术，进行作物间合理组配，可以在保证经济效益条件下同时较大幅度降低土壤氮磷流失量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Because the environment and agricultural water recession polluted severely by fertilizer applied through agricultural production, to reduce losses of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as to improve economic benefits, cultivation structure was optimized in this research using a linear programming method based on a previous trial result. The results showed that the economic benefits of rice and winter wheat-rice were 36.8% and 28.2% higher respectively than the control of spring wheat/corn, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen loss for cultivation patterns of winter/spring wheat-silage, winter/spring wheat-vegetables, solely corn and oil sunflower were reduced by 56.8%, 50%, 36.4% and 50%, respectively from that of wheat/corn. The amounts of phosphorus loss for patterns of winter/spring wheat-silage, vegetables, and winter/spring wheat-oil sunflower were 50%, 42%, and 35.7% lower than that of wheat/corn, respectively. The areas for different cultivation patterns after optimization were as follows: 38 000 hectares sowing area for spring wheat/corn, 10 900 hectares for winter wheat-silage, 6 700 hectares for rice, 55 000 hectares for vegetables,135 000 hectares for corn, and 40 000 hectares for oil sunflower. Rational field arrangement combined with current cultivation conditions and technologies might be helpful for economy development and minimize nitrogen and phosphorus losses. |
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