高玉红,吴兵,牛俊义,杨树军,郭丽琢,张小军,乔永方.水肥耦合对间作胡麻氮素养分及其产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):69~75
水肥耦合对间作胡麻氮素养分及其产量和品质的影响
Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on nitrogen content, grain yield and quality of intercropped oil flax
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.02.11
中文关键词:  水肥耦合  胡麻/大豆  氮素含量  产量  品质
英文关键词:water/fertilizer coupling  intercropped flax and soybean  nitrogen content  grain yield  quality
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-17-GW-9）；甘肃省自然科学基金（1107RJZA160）；盛彤笙科技创新基金（GSAV-STS-1327）
作者单位
高玉红 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730070； 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 
吴兵 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 
牛俊义 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730070； 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 
杨树军 民勤县东湖镇人民政府, 甘肃 民勤 733307 
郭丽琢 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730070； 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 
张小军 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 
乔永方 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      为了摸清目前胡麻生产现状下间作系统、水分和肥料对作物生长发育及其产量形成的综合效应，通过田间试验，研究了水肥互作对胡麻/大豆间作系统中胡麻氮素的耦合效应及其对籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施氮150 kg·hm-2处理下胡麻茎秆含氮量较施氮75 kg·hm-2和225 kg·hm-2处理极显著高出10.05%～23.58%。水氮互作条件下，施氮150 kg·hm-2、灌水2次或3次能够促进胡麻苗期、分茎期、青果期和成熟期根系和茎秆含氮量，且该处理根系含氮量较施氮75 kg·hm-2、现蕾期灌一次水处理极显著高4.13%。水、氮单因素及水氮互作对胡麻根、茎、叶片、籽粒中氮素的耦合效应表现为：水氮互作＞氮＞水。水氮互作条件下胡麻根、茎、果皮含氮量与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关关系。亚麻酸含量为施氮150 kg·hm-2、灌水2次较施氮75 kg·hm-2灌水1次处理显著高9.22%。间作胡麻现蕾期和盛花期结合施氮150 kg·hm-2各灌一次水或现蕾期、盛花期和青果期各灌一次水是沿黄灌区胡麻生产比较适宜的水肥管理措施。
英文摘要:
      To elucidate the current production status of flax and the comprehensive effect of the intercropping system, and water and fertilizer on crop growth and yield formation, a field experiment was implemented to study the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on nitrogen content, and grain yield of flax in flax/soybean system in northwest China. The results indicated that the stem nitrogen content under 150 kg·hm-2 fertilizer treatment was 10.05%～23.58% higher than that under 75 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2 treatments. The treatment with 150 kg·hm-2 fertilizer and irrigation two or three times could promote nitrogen content in root and stem at seeding, budding, kernel and maturity stages, resulting in 4.13% more nitrogen content than that with 75 kg·hm-2 fertilizer and irrigation once. The influences of water, nitrogen fertilizer and water/fertilizer coupling on nitrogen content in roots, stem, leaf and grain were in the following order: water and fertilizer coupling＞nitrogen fertilizer＞water. Nitrogen contents in root, stem and peel were significantly positively correlated with seed production under the water/fertilizer coupling condition. The linolenic acid content of oil flax with 150 kg·hm-2 fertilizer and two times irrigations was 9.22% higher than that with 75 kg·hm-2 fertilizer and one time irrigation at a significant level. It is concluded that the treatment of 150 kg·hm-2 fertilizer and two or three times irrigation may be a suitable managerial measures for water and fertilizer in the irrigated area along the yellow river.
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