| 李云翔,王少东,柯英,罗健航,陈晓群,张学军.宁夏主要枸杞产区施肥现状与土壤养分特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):113~118 |
| 宁夏主要枸杞产区施肥现状与土壤养分特征 |
| Characteristics of soil nutrients and present situation of fertilization in the major wolfberry producing areas of Ningxia |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.02.18 |
| 中文关键词: 枸杞 施肥现状 土壤养分 土壤NO3--N累积 |
| 英文关键词:wolfberry present situation of fertilization soil nutrients soil NO3--N accumulation |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区财政支农项目“枸杞产地环境质量监测与评价和提质增效施肥技术研究与示范” |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了摸清宁夏主要枸杞产区施肥现状和土壤养分丰缺状况，采用问卷调查的方式分别调查了宁夏中宁（n=112）和惠农（n=20）不同树龄枸杞施肥种类和施肥量等情况，并分别通过48和18个监测点的土样采集与测定，分析评价了其土壤养分含量现状。结果表明，中宁枸杞施肥采用有机无机配施，而惠农枸杞重施化肥，两地枸杞施用化肥种类以尿素、二铵和复合肥为主（投入农户比例达88.9%～100.0%）。中宁不同树龄枸杞N、P2O5、K2O养分投入量分别为716～909、654～1043、149～194 kg·hm-2，惠农分别为549～552、276～285、69～74 kg·hm-2。两枸杞产地0～30 cm耕层土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾平均含量差异不大，但中宁土壤速效磷平均含量(135.7 mg·kg-1)明显高于惠农(49.3 mg·kg-1)。两枸杞地土壤速效氮素残留以硝态氮为主，且随着树龄增加而增加。6～10年和≥10年中宁枸杞地土壤速效磷含量分别是≤5年的3.3和2.5倍，但两地土壤速效钾含量差异不大。因此，建议宁夏中宁和惠农枸杞生产中，应采用有机无机配施的原则，根据不同树龄枸杞和目标产量，合理控制氮、磷肥总量，适当增施钾肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to figure out the present situation of fertilization and soil nutrient abundance/deficiency in major wolfberry producing areas in Ningxia, the method with household sampling surveys was conducted to investigate fertilizer types and application rates with different tree-age wolfberries in Zhongning (n=112) and Huinong (n=20) of Ningxia. In addition, through soil sampling and examination at 48 and 18 monitoring points, respectively, the present situation of soil nutrients content was evaluated. The results indicated that fertilization organic and inorganic fertilizers were applied on wolfberry in Zhongning, while chemical fertilizer was primarily used in Huinong. The main fertilizers in both areas included urea, diammonium, and compound fertilizer (the input ratios accounted for 88.9%～100.0% of the total farmers). N, P2O5, and K2O input rates for different tree-age wolfberries were 716～909, 654～1043, and 149～194 kg·hm-2 in Zhongning, and were 549～552, 276～285, and 69～74 kg·hm-2 in Huinong, respectively. Small differences were observed in 0～30 cm soil organic matter, total N and available K contents between Zhongning and Huinong wolfberry fields. However, soil available P content (135.7 mg·kg-1) in Zhongning was significantly higher than that in Huinong (49.3 mg·kg-1). Nitrate was the main available N residue left in soils of both areas, increased with the aging of wolfberry. Soil available P in 6～10 and ≥10 years wolfberry fields in Zhongning was 3.3 and 2.5 times than that in ≤5 years wolfberry fields, but there was not much difference between the two areas. Therefore, it is advised that combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizers may need to be followed, and based on ages of wolfberry and objective yields, control in total application rates of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers, and properly increased application of potassium fertilizer may also need to be considered. |
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