| 谷海斌,王泽,武红旗,盛建东.不同开垦年限土壤养分和盐分时空分布特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):8~15 |
| 不同开垦年限土壤养分和盐分时空分布特征研究 |
| Research on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrient and salt under different reclamation years |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.02 |
| 中文关键词: 开垦年限 土壤养分 土壤盐分 时空变异 |
| 英文关键词:cultivation year soil nutrients soil salinity temporal and spatial variation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“绿洲农田土壤盐碱斑特征、类型及形成机制研究”（41261057）；国家自然科学基金项目“基于无人机平台的滴灌棉花规模化种植过程中营养快速诊断指标及建模研究”（3156340）；农业部测土配方施肥补贴项目（新疆耕地地力评价专项经费）；新疆自治区土壤学重点学科基金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究干旱区绿洲农业不同开垦年限耕地土壤养分的时间和空间变化规律,选取玛纳斯流域内5个开垦年限（荒地、2 a、4 a、6 a、8 a）的土地，结合地统计学、3S技术，利用空间置换时间的方法对研究区土壤养分和盐分的时空分布特征进行分析研究。结果表明：研究区耕地随着开垦年限的增加，各层土壤的总盐、有效钾含量呈现明显下降的趋势。总盐含量由开垦前11.9～25.2 g·kg-1下降至开垦8 a后的1.7～3.0 g·kg-1，尤其是表层土壤总盐的含量在开垦种植6～8 a后基本维持在非盐化-轻盐化水平；而土壤有效钾含量在各个层次均呈现出不断的消耗趋势，由开垦前225～499 mg·kg-1下降至开垦8 a后的138～225 mg·kg-1；随着开垦年限的增加，研究区土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量呈现出先下降再升高的趋势，基本上在开垦4 a左右的时候会出现一个较低值，然后随着开垦种植年限的增加而逐渐上升，如有效磷含量由开垦前3.7～8.1 mg·kg-1下降至开垦4 a后的1.9～5.7 mg·kg-1，随后上升至开垦8 a后的3.37～13.5 mg·kg-1。研究表明，研究区农业用地开垦时间的长短对土壤养分、盐分含量的影响表现出一定的规律。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study was to explore the temporal and spatial variation rules of soil nutrients and salt under different cultivation years of agriculture in the arid areas. Uncultivated land and lands with 2, 4, 6, 8 years of cultivation in the Manas River Valley as the research object. Using methods of geostatistics, 3S technology and temporal-spatial conversion, the time and space distribution characteristics of soil nutrient and salt were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of total soil salt and available potassium at each layer had an obvious downward trend with the increase of cultivation years. The soil salts from 11.9～25.2 g·kg-1 in barren land fell to 1.7～3.0 g·kg-1 after 8 years cultivation. The contents of surface soil salt maintained at low levels until reclaimed 6～8 years in the study area. It also showed that the contents of soil available potassium presented a continuous consumption trend. The soil available potassium from 225～499 mg·kg-1 of barren land fell to 138～225 mg·kg-1 after 8 years cultivation. The contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydro nitrogen and available phosphorus became firstly decreased, and then went increased with reclaimed years increased. The trough of soil nutrients appeared in about 4 years of land reclamation. For example, the soil available phosphorus from 3.7～8.1 mg·kg-1 in barren land fell to 1.9～5.7 mg·kg-1 after 4 years cultivation, and then rose to 3.37～13.5 mg·kg-1 after 8 years cultivation. In conclusion, our studies have shown that length of reclaimed time in research area influences soil nutrients and salt contents and displays a certain degree of regularity. |
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