| 李翠红,张强,冯毓琴,陈大鹏,张永茂,魏钦平.分区施用有机肥对苹果树体生长和叶片生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):23~30 |
| 分区施用有机肥对苹果树体生长和叶片生理特性的影响 |
| Effects of organic fertilization within partial root on the growth and leaf physiological characteristics of apple trees |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.04 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 分区施肥 有机肥 树体生长 叶片生理特性 |
| 英文关键词:apple tree partial organic fertilizer growth leaf physiological characteristics |
| 基金项目:国家级星火计划重大项目(2013GA860001)；甘肃省科技重大专项计划(1203NKDA016)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以三年生‘红将军’(Malus domestica cv.)为试材，砧木为平邑甜茶（Malus hupenensis Rehd.），采用分根盆栽法研究1/2根区定量灌水条件下，1/4、2/4和3/4根区分区施用有机肥对树体新梢生长动态、根系生长动态、叶绿素、叶片光合、蒸腾、气孔导度等指标的影响，以期确定苹果树有机肥最佳施用量和施用区域，为改善果园有机肥施用方法和施用量提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明：1/4根区施用30%有机肥处理新梢生长量最大，为14.2 cm；2/4根区施用20%有机肥处理的根系生长量最大，在整个生长季根系生长量为230.0 mm，叶绿素含量也显著高于其它处理；1/4施用30%、2/4施用20%或3/4施用10%有机肥处理的净光合速率和气孔导度的日变化和季节变化都显著高于其它处理，而蒸腾速率与其它处理差异不显著。1/4施用30%、2/4施用20%或3/4施用10%有机肥处理不仅能够保证树体正常生长发育，还可以节约有机肥用量、提高土壤的保肥保水效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To confirm the usage amount and application area of organic fertilizer, the effects of fertilization at 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 partial root zones were investigated on the growth of new shoots, root growth dynamics, chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs). The experimental material were three-year old roots of potted Red General trees (Malus domestica cv.), and rootstock were Malus hupenensis Rehd. This study may provide theoretical basis and technological support for the improvement of organic fertilization methods and consumption in apple orchard. The length of new shoots at 1/4 partial root zone with 30% application of organic fertilizer was 14.2 cm, reaching the longest. When applied at 2/4 partial root zone with 20% application organic fertilizer, the biomass of root was the biggest, and root length was 230.0 mm throughout the growing season. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll concentration at 2/4 partial zone was significant higher than that at 1/4 and 3/4 zones. Diurnal changes and seasonal changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), which were investigated under the treatments at 1/4 partial root zone with 30%, 2/4 partial root zone with 20%, and 3/4 partial root zone with 10% application organic fertilizer, were obviously higher than those by other treatments. However, the transpiration rate (Tr) did not show significant change by all treatments. Applications at 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 partial root zones with 30%, 20% and 10% organic fertilizer, respectively, can maintain the natural growth rate of apple trees through saving the consumption of organic fertilizer, and preserving soil moisture and fertility. |
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