| 郭晓霞,苏文斌,樊福义,黄春燕,任霄云,王玉芬,闫文芝.施氮量对膜下滴灌甜菜生长速率及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):39~45 |
| 施氮量对膜下滴灌甜菜生长速率及氮肥利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen fertilization amount on growth rate and nitrogen use efficiency of sugar beet by drip irrigation with mulch |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.06 |
| 中文关键词: 施氮水平 膜下滴灌 甜菜 氮肥利用率 含糖率 产量 |
| 英文关键词:nitrogen fertilization amount drip irrigation with mulch sugar beet nitrogen use efficiency sugar content yield |
| 基金项目:内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金（2014QNJJN10）；国家甜菜现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-2103）；内蒙古自治区“保水剂蓄水保墒生态效应研究”（NJZC13028） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明内蒙古冷凉干旱区不同施氮水平对膜下滴灌甜菜生长速率和氮素分配、转移及利用效率的影响，并进一步筛选出适宜该地区膜下滴灌甜菜的最佳施氮量。本文通过两年田间试验，分析了不同施氮水平对甜菜全生育期干物质积累、不同器官氮素积累量以及氮素增长速率和产量构成因素的动态变化规律，揭示了不同施氮水平下甜菜的氮肥利用效率、产量及含糖率的差异效应。通过田间定位试验，采用单因素随机区组设计，重复4次。结果表明，甜菜各农艺性状随施氮量的增大呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，其中以50、100 kg·hm-2和150 kg·hm-2处理较好。甜菜含糖率随氮肥用量的增加而降低，且无底肥施氮量为0 kg·hm-2较在磷钾肥基础上施氮量为0、50、100、150 kg·hm-2和200 kg·hm-2处理甜菜含糖率分别增加了3.20%、3.63%、8.30%、13.07%和12.24%。甜菜氮素积累量随施氮水平的增加及生育时期的推进均呈增加趋势；随施氮量的增加氮肥吸收利用率呈先增加后降低的变化规律，氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力则呈降低趋势。综合甜菜农艺性状、产量、含糖量及氮肥利用率的分析可知，该地区膜下滴灌甜菜的最佳施氮量为100 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization amount on the growth rate and the accumulation, transfer and use efficiency of nitrogen in sugar beet under drip irrigation in the cool and dry region of Inner Mongolia and in order to select the best nitrogen fertilization amount for sugar beet by drip irrigation with mulch in this area, a two years field test was carried out to perform a dynamic analysis on sugar beet dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation amount in different organs, nitrogen increasing rate and yield components. The differences in nitrogen use efficiency, yield and sugar content among different nitrogen levels were elucidated. The field locating trials with single factor randomized block design were repeated for 4 times. The results showed that the agronomic characteristics of sugar beet all showed an increasing firstly and then decreasing trend with the increase of nitrogen fertilization amounts. 50, 100 kg·hm-2 and 150 kg·hm-2 showed better result than others. The sugar content became decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilization. Furthermore, sugar contents by non-basal fertilizer treatment were 3.20%, 3.63%, 8.30%, 3.07% and 12.24% respectively higher than those by 0, 50, 100, 150 kg·hm-2 and 200 kg·hm-2. The nitrogen accumulation amount of sugar beet both showed an increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen rate and the progression of growth period. The nitrogen recovery efficiency showed a firstly increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase of nitrogen fertilization amount, but the nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity all showed a decreasing trend. Based on the results from agronomic characteristics, yield, sugar content and nitrogen use efficiency, the treatment of 100 kg·hm-2 was the best for this area. Through the analysis of the law for sugar beet yield formation and the variation law of nitrogen accumulation, transfer and use efficiency under different nitrogen fertilization amount can be employed to provide a theoretical and technological basis for high yield, good quality and high benefit of sugar beet. |
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