| 张晓霞,张芮,成自勇,何钊全,高阳,戴文渊,刘静霞,陈娜娜,马奇梅.不同覆盖方式和灌水量对设施延后栽培葡萄生长特性和产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):102~107 |
| 不同覆盖方式和灌水量对设施延后栽培葡萄生长特性和产量品质的影响 |
| Effects of water amount and mulching methods on growth characteristics and quality of grape with facility-delayed cultivation |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.16 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄 覆盖 灌水量 生长特性 品质 产量 水分生产效率 |
| 英文关键词:grape mulching growth characteristics quality delayed cultivation water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金“冷凉地区葡萄设施延后栽培水分品质响应机理研究”（51269001）；国家自然科学基金“河西地区酿造葡萄水分调控品质机理与控水调质制度研究（51369002）；甘肃省青年科技基金计划(1208RIYA017) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 试验研究了不同灌水量和覆盖方式对葡萄新梢生长期新梢生长特性、膨大期果实粒径大小变化、成熟期品质、产量和水分利用效率的影响,旨在确定延后葡萄栽培最理想的处理模式。研究结果表明：对于同一种覆盖处理，在两种不同的灌水水平下葡萄植株新梢生长特性、果实大小重量和可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量都没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）；不同覆盖方式下，适度调亏灌溉下葡萄的可溶性固形物含量和Vc含量均比标准灌水的高，其中适度调亏灌溉下的秸秆地膜覆盖处理的可溶性固形物含量和Vc含量分别达到18.03%和0.20 mg·g-1；在同一灌水梯度下，覆盖相比不覆盖处理均能不同程度改善植株新梢生长特性、果实大小重量、可溶性固形物含量和Vc含量，且地膜秸秆双重覆盖处理的效果最好,标准灌水下的秸秆地膜覆盖处理各品种指标均最大，其可溶性固形物含量和Vc含量分别达到18.33%和0.22 mg·g-1；不同水分处理均能增加葡萄产量，提高水分利用效率，且适度调亏灌溉的葡萄产量和水分利用率最高，分别达到36 381.1 kg·hm-2和6.29 kg·m-3。由此可知，适度亏水处理的秸秆地膜覆盖处理时，葡萄新梢生长速度、果实大小重量、葡萄品质和产量及水分利用效率均达到最高水平，该结论可以在今后设施栽培葡萄节水、优质灌溉制度中推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the most ideal processing mode for grape with facility-delayed cultivation, the influences by different ways of irrigation amount and mulching methods were investigated on grape growth characteristics, changes of fruit diameter size during enlargement period, and quality, yield and water use efficiency during mature period. The results showed that for the same kind of mulching treatment, plant growth characteristics including new tips, the size of fruit weight and soluble solids content, Vc content were not significantly different between treatments by two different water levels (P＞0.05). Under different ways of mulching, soluble solids and Vc contents of grapes by moderately regulated deficit irrigation were higher than those by standard irrigation. Under the same water gradient, compared with no mulching treatment, new-tip growth characteristics, size and weight of fruit, content of soluble solid and Vc by other treatments were increased, especially by the straw stalks plastic mulching method. Different treatments could improve grape yield and water use efficiency. Straw stalks plastic mulching treatment under moderate water deficit treatment could achieve the largest yield and water use efficiency, reaching 36 381.1 kg·hm-2 and 6.29 kg·m-3, respectively. In conclusion, straw stalks plastic mulching treatment under moderate water deficit can result in the largest weight of fruits, yield and water use efficiency. This conclusion can be popularized and implemented toward future water saving, and high-quality irrigation system for planting grapes. |
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