| 张华英,刘景辉,赵宝平,王立文,郝宏,李敏.保护性耕作对风沙区农田土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):108~114 |
| 保护性耕作对风沙区农田土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响 |
| Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical properties and corn yield in sandy soil |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.17 |
| 中文关键词: 保护性耕作 土壤物理性状 玉米产量 科尔沁沙地 |
| 英文关键词:conservation tillage soil physical property cron yield Horqin sandy land |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项“东北地区黑土保育及有机质提升关键技术研究与示范”（201303126） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在科尔沁沙地东南部风沙区采用完全随机区组试验设计，在2013—2014年比较研究了4种保护性耕作措施（深松、留茬、免耕、秸秆覆盖）和传统翻耕（CK）平作种植玉米的土壤物理性状及产量。结果表明，与传统耕作相比，连续2 a保护性耕作以深松、留茬处理显著降低0～40 cm土层土壤容重（P<0.05），降幅0.72%～7.12%。0～40 cm土层>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量各土层均以深松处理含量最高，2014年土壤团聚体含量较2013年增加4.11%，其中秸秆覆盖对0～10 cm团聚体含量影响较大，2014年较2013年提高5.54%。4 种保护性耕作措施均提高了收获后0～100 cm土壤贮水量，表现为留茬>秸秆覆盖>深松>免耕，较传统耕作提高12.22%～26.91%。进行保护性耕作的处理玉米子粒产量和水分利用率均比传统耕作高，其中以深松处理增产幅度最大，子粒产量平均较传统耕作提高14.57%，水分利用效率提高25.81%。由2 a数据显示，深松、留茬和秸秆覆盖等保护性耕作措施改善了风沙土耕层土壤结构，具有较好的保水性和增产效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| There was high frequency of serious windy soil erosion in the aeolian sandy soil area of Horqin. The soil water loss and the soil aggregate content went decreased severely. The objective of this field experiment was to compare the effects of four conservation tillage measurements (subsoiling, stubble, straw-mulching, and no-till) with the conventional tillage (CK) on soil physical properties and corn yield in the aeolian sandy soil region of southeast Horqin from 2013 to 2014. A completely randomized design was used to study the field location. The results showed that compared with the conventional tillage, among the four conservation tillage measurements, the subsoiling and stubble treatments reduced the soil bulk density significantly in the 0～40 cm layer in two years by 0.72%～7.12%. The highest proportion of >0.25 mm soil aggregate content in different soil layers was subsoiling. The soil aggregate content (>0.25 mm) in 0～40 cm layer became increased by 4.11% in 2014 from 2013. Straw-mulching had a greater impact on the soil aggregate content (>0.25 mm) in 0～10 cm layer, increased by 5.54 more in 2014 than 2013. Soil water storage in the 0～100 cm layer was increased by 12.22%～26.91% under the four conservation tillage in the order of stubble＞straw-mulching＞subsoiling＞no-till. Corn yield and water use efficiency of different conservation tillage were higher than conventional tillage (CK). Subsoiling was the best treatment of all. The corn yield was increased by 14.57%, the water use efficiency became increased by 25.81% compared to the conventional tillage treatment. The two-year data indicated that subsoiling, stubble, straw-mulching could improve the aeolian sandy topsoil structure, water retention and crop yield. |
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