| 韩毅强,高亚梅,郑殿峰,杜吉到.利用播期研究气候条件对黑龙江春玉米产量性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):132~138 |
| 利用播期研究气候条件对黑龙江春玉米产量性状的影响 |
| Effects of meteorological factors on yield traits of maize (Zea mays L.) in Heilongjiang during various sowing seasons |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.21 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 分期播种 气象因子 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Maize (Zea mays L.) interval sowing meteorological factor yield |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B04) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 不同播期致使作物所处的气候条件不同，进而影响作物的生长发育和产量。本文以哲单37（特早熟，生育期113 d）、先玉335（中早熟，118 d）、郑单958（中熟，120 d）等3个玉米品种为试验材料，于2012年到2014年在黑龙江林甸县进行了为期三年分期播种试验，分析了玉米产量相关性状与各个生育阶段气象因子的关系。结果显示：分期播种对3个玉米品种均有影响，其中对早熟品种影响最大。播期主要通过影响玉米百粒重、穗长和秃尖引起产量的变化，贡献最大的因素是百粒重，总效应为0.847，其次是穗长，总效应为0.840，秃尖为负效应，总效应为-0.213。产量性状与气候条件相关性分析发现，玉米产量与抽雄～成熟期的日均温度、降雨呈显著正相关。因此在黑龙江第二积温带播种中早熟和中熟玉米品种（先玉335和郑单958）适当早播可增加抽雄～成熟期的日均温度，增加积温以达到增产的效果；晚播有利于避开早春易发生的干旱、冷害等自然灾害。采用偏最小二乘路径模型PLS-PM处理分析结果显示，播期对产量性状有较大的直接作用（0.763），同时通过影响各生育期的气候和土壤条件间接影响产量。综上所述，在黑龙江西部地区影响玉米产量最关键的气象因子是抽雄～成熟期的温度和降雨，此时适量的灌溉更有利于增加产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Differences in climatic conditions under which crops are grown during various growth seasons affects development and yield of maize. A three-year field experiment was conducted to assess the relationship between yield related traits and meteorological factors at each growth stage in Lindian County of Heilongjiang Province from 2012 to 2014, and the Zhedan 37 (early maturity, 113 d), Xianyu 335 (early maturity, 118 d) and Zhengdan 958 (medium-maturity, 120 d) of three maize varieties were sown during three sowing reasons. The results showed that sowing date had effects on three maize varieties, and the effects on early maturing variety were most significant. Sowing date mainly affected ear length, bald tip and 100-kernel weight leading to the change of maize yield, and the biggest contributor was 100-kernel weight with a total effect value of 0.847, followed by ear length with a total effect value of 0.840. However, bald tip had a negative correlation with yield, showing a total effect value of -0.213. Furthermore, yield traits and climatic conditions correlation analysis showed that the maize yield had a significant positive correlation with average daily temperature and precipitation from tasseling stage to maturity stage. So, the study has shown that early sowing at appropriate time improved yield for medium maturing maize in the western region of Heilongjiang by increasing average daily temperature and accumulated temperature. Suitable late sowing for early maturing maize can avoid spring drought, cold damage and other natural disasters in early spring. The result of PLS-PM (Partial Least Square Path Modeling) analysis indicated that sowing date had a direct effect (0.763) on yield, and had an indirect effect on yield by interacting with meteorological factors and soil condition at each growth stage. Above all, temperature and precipitation from tasseling stage to maturity stage are the most important meteorological factors for maize yield in the western region of Heilongjiang, and irrigation during these stages will contribute to high and stable yields. |
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