| 张哲,孙占祥,张燕卿,郑家明,杨宁,冯良山,李开宇.秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(3):144~152 |
| 秸秆还田与氮肥配施对春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.03.23 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 氮肥 春玉米 水分利用效率 产量 |
| 英文关键词:crop residues incorporation N-fertilizer spring maize water use efficiency yield |
| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业科研专项资金项目(201303125-01)；国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD09B02)；辽宁省科技攻关项目(2014213004)；农业部公益性行业科研专项资金项目(201103001)；辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划项目(2014017)；辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划项目(2014017)；农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503119-06-02)；辽宁省自然科学基金(2015020789) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨长期玉米秸秆还田与氮肥配施对辽西风沙半干旱区春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响，在农业部阜新农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站利用长期定位试验，设置了4个秸秆还田量水平（0，3 000 kg·hm-2，6 000 kg·hm-2，9 000 kg·hm-2）与两个施氮肥水平(210 kg·hm-2，420 kg·hm-2)，共8个处理。结果表明，连续秸秆还田与氮肥配施可以显著增加玉米的群体生物产量（P＜0.05）和经济产量（P＜0.05），2013年(平水年)和2014年(枯水年)的产量均为C3N1处理最高，分别为14 719.95 kg·hm-2和12 397.95 kg·hm-2,大小顺序为C3N1＞C3N2＞C2N1＞C2N2＞C1N2＞C1N1＞C0N2＞C0N1；秸秆还田可以充分利用作物生育期降水，提高降水利用效率和作物水分利用效率，2 a的研究结果显示，C3N1处理的水分利用效率最高，在生物产量和子粒产量水分利用效率方面，2013年与2014年分别比最低的C0N1处理高26.83%、43.15%和44.64%、70.55%，两年平均水分利用效率的大小顺序与生物产量相同。综合分析认为，秸秆量9 000 kg·hm-2、氮肥量210 kg·hm-2是提高该区域类型土地生产力和农田水分利用效率的较优方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization on spring maize yield and water use efficiency in semi-arid area of western Liaoning Province, a long-term experiment was conducted in Fuxin Agricultural Environment and the Farmland Conservation Scientific Observation Station. Four quantities in straw returning (0 kg·hm-2, 3 000 kg·hm-2, 6 000 kg·hm-2, and 9 000 kg·hm-2) and two nitrogen levels (210 kg·hm-2 and 420 kg·hm-2) were set up accounting for a total of eight treatments. The results showed that the continued crop residues incorporation and N-fertilizer utilization could significantly increase maize population biological yield (P＜0.05) and output (P＜0.05). The C3N1 treatment resulted in the highest yield in 2013 (normal year) and 2014 (dry year), reaching 14 719.95 kg·hm-2 and 12 397.95 kg·hm-2, respectively. The influence on yield by different treatments followed the order of C3N1>C3N2>C2N1>C2N2>C1N2>C1N1>C0N2>C0N1. The yield under C0N1 was the lowest. Straw returning could take fully use of precipitation during crop growth period and rainfall use efficiency and crop water use efficiency could became enhanced. The results from two years showed that C3N1 treatment allowed the highest water use efficiency. As a result, biological and grain yields were 26.83% and 43.15% in 2013 and 26.83% and 43.15% in 2014 higher than those by the C0N1 treatment respectively. Same results in two years were obtained in average water use efficiency and biological yield size. In conclusion, the optimal solution is straw returning in amount of 9 000 kg·hm-2 and nitrogen is 210 kg·hm-2, which can increase the land productivity and agricultural water use efficiency in this area. |
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