贺京哲,孙慧敏,姜延吉,谢冰怡.不同种类化肥对塿土吸附解吸铅、镉行为的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):146~152
不同种类化肥对塿土吸附解吸铅、镉行为的影响
Effects of different type fertilizers on the adsorption and desorption of heavy metals in the lou soil
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.04.22
中文关键词:  化肥  塿土  Pb  Cd  吸附  解吸
英文关键词:fertilizer  lou soil  Pb  Cd  absorption  desorption
基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（21207106）；陕西省自然科学基金项目（2014JQ5184)
作者单位
贺京哲 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
孙慧敏 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100
农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
姜延吉 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
谢冰怡 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      通过塿土对重金属Pb和Cd的吸附解吸试验，研究了5种不同类型氮、磷化肥对重金属Pb、Cd的吸附解吸特性的影响。结果表明：在吸附过程中，添加不同种类肥料能够改塿土对Cd的吸附量，对Pb影响不大；土壤对Pb2+的等温吸附曲线用Langmuir方程拟合效果好，对Cd的吸附曲线用Freundlich和Langmuir方程拟合均能达到显著水平(P<0.01)；由Langmuir方程拟合得到的最大吸附量可以看出，除磷酸二氢钾促进了土壤Cd的吸附，其余肥料的添加均抑制了土壤对Pb、Cd的吸附量。在解吸过程中，Pb的解吸过程受肥料影响显著，含磷肥料能促进铅解吸率的增大，解吸率最高可达90%以上。由于添加不同类型的肥料影响了土壤对Pb、Cd的吸附和解吸过程，因此，在已经受到Pb、Cd污染的农田进行耕作时，应谨慎选择施用对Pb、Cd影响强烈的磷肥,以避免增加Pb、Cd的迁移对作物造成危害
英文摘要:
      To investigate the effects on absorption characteristics of heavy metals including Pb and Cd by applications of five different fertilizers, an experiment was carried out by studying the absorption of Pd and Cd by Lou soil. The experimental results showed that during the adsorption process, applications of different fertilizers could change the adsorption capacity of Cd, but had little influence on Pb. Langmuir model fitted well on the adsorption isotherm of Pb2+; but for the adsorption isotherm of Cd2+, both Freundlich model and Langmuir model were favorable. According to the maximum adsorption capacity obtained by the Langmuir model, the application of fertilizers inhibited the adsorption of Pb and Cd except that KH2PO4 promoted the adsorption of Cd. During the desorption process, fertilizers could significantly affect the desorption of Pb and phosphate fertilizers could increase the desorption rate even up to 90%. Since applying fertilizers into soil could affect the adsorption and desorption of Pb and Cd, selection of phosphate fertilizers needs to be carefully implemented in order to avoid harms towards crops through the migration of Pb and Cd when tilling in the fields polluted by Pb and Cd.
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