| 张鹏,张玉龙,邹洪涛,张玉玲,廖常建,虞娜.水钾耦合对花生根系形态及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):170~174 |
| 水钾耦合对花生根系形态及产量的影响 |
| Coupling effects of irrigation and potassium fertilization on root morphological characters and yield of peanut |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.04.26 |
| 中文关键词: 花生 水钾耦合 根系 产量 |
| 英文关键词:peanut coupling effects of irrigation and potassium root yield |
| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费（201303125） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1120 |
| 全文下载次数: 912 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为优化花生生长发育的水钾耦合模式，以花育25为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，研究了花生根系形态及产量对水钾耦合效应的响应。结果表明，灌溉是关键因素，对根长具有显著影响，对根系生物量、根瘤数、根系平均直径、根系总体积、根系总表面积和荚果干产量均具有极显著影响。水分轻度胁迫W2（50%FC,FC为田间持水量）有利于根系的伸长，而湿润的土壤环境利于根系的增粗。各项指标水分效应平均值显示，W2处理根系总长最大，较水分适中W3（65%FC）提高了9.22%；根系直径W4(80%FC)>W3(65%FC)>W2(50%FC)>W1(35%FC)。根系总表面积和总体积均随水分增多先增后减，最大值均在W3处理。增施钾肥利于根系生长发育，钾肥效应平均值显示，根系总体积、总表面积和总长均表现为K3（405 kg·hm-2）>K2（270 kg·hm-2）>K1（135 kg·hm-2）>K0（0 kg·hm-2）；根系生物量中钾(K2)和高钾(K3)处理分别较对照(K0)提高23.18%和9.27%。水钾耦合效应对根瘤数的影响达极显著水平，干旱情况下钾肥能促进根瘤的形成，在水分胁迫W1（35%FC）和轻度胁迫W2下，花生根瘤数随着施钾量的增加增大的趋势明显。适水中钾W3K2处理可以促进根系平均直径、总长、总表面积和总体积，该处理下的荚果产量最高，与同组不施钾处理(W3K0)相比增产12.7%。本试验条件下，水分控制在65%田间持水量，钾肥用量为270 kg·hm-2时有利于促进根系的生长和根瘤的形成，提高产量，实现节水节肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to optimize the coupling model of water and potassium, a pot experiment was conducted to analyze the association of root morphological characters and yield of peanut to the coupling effects of water-potassium. Huayu 25 (peanut species) had been treated as the test seed. The results showed that the irrigation was the key factor that had a significant (P<0.05) effect on peanut root length, and had an extremely significant (P<0.01) effect on all other indicators. Mild water stress W2 (50%FC) was promotive to the elongation of roots, while the moist soil environment was advantageous to the thickening of the root system. Root indexes average value of moisture effect indicated that the total root length under the mild water stress (W2) reached the maximum, increased by 9.22% from that by the moderate water W3 (65%FC). Effects on root diameter followed the order of W4(80%FC)>W3(65%FC)>W2(50%FC)>W1(35%FC). Total surface area and total volume were increased first and then became decreased with the increase of moisture content. The maximum values of two indexes were obtained by W3. Adding potassium fertilizer was beneficial to root growth and development. Effects on root indexes average value including total root volume, total surface area and total length by potassium followed the order of K3 (405 kg·hm-2)>K2 (270 kg·hm-2) >K1 (135 kg·hm-2)>K0 (0 kg·hm-2). The root biomass by K3 and K4 was 23.18% and 9.27% higher than that by K0. Only the coupling effect of water and potassium on the number of nodules reached a very significant level (P<0.01). Potassium fertilizer could promote the formation of nodules in drought conditions. Under the condition of water stress (W1) and mild water stress (W2), the number of root nodules was increased with the dosage increment of potassium. The treatment W3K2 could promote the root average diameter, total length, total surface area and total volume, and caused the highest pod yield. Compared to treatment W3K0 with no potassium, the pod yield was increased by 12.7%. In conclusion, the study suggested that it is beneficial to the growth of roots and the formation of nodules when the moisture retains a level of 65% FC and the potassium fertilizer was increased to 270 kg·hm-2, not only to get high yield, but also to achieve the purpose of saving water and fertilizer. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |