景东田.陇东旱塬区冬小麦不同覆膜方式对土壤水热及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):218~224
陇东旱塬区冬小麦不同覆膜方式对土壤水热及产量的影响
Influence of different film mulching methods on soil water content, soil temperature and yield of winter wheat in the drought plateau of the eastern Gansu Province
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.04.33
中文关键词:  冬小麦  覆膜方式  土壤水热  产量  陇东旱塬区
英文关键词:winter wheat  mulching methods  soil water content and soil temperature  yield  the drought plateau of the eastern Gansu Province
基金项目:平凉市农业技术推广站自选项目
作者单位
景东田 平凉市农业技术推广站， 甘肃 平凉 744000 
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中文摘要:
      以平凉43号冬小麦为试验材料，于2012—2014年在平凉市崆峒区草峰镇夏寨村进行全膜覆土穴播（A）、全膜平铺不覆土穴播（B）、膜侧沟播（C）和不覆膜露地条播（CK）4种栽培方式对土壤水热及小麦产量影响试验。结果表明：覆膜能够显著提高冬小麦出苗至拔节期土壤含水量和地温，并对表层土壤含水量和地温影响大于深层土壤，土壤含水量处理A>B>C>CK,地温处理B>A>C>CK，A和B差异不明显，冬小麦抽穗期后各处理下土壤含水量和地温与对照相比提高不大，甚至小于对照；覆膜方式对水分利用效率和产量的影响结果为处理A>B>C>CK,处理A、处理B和处理C的水分利用效率比CK分别提高83.75%，63.48%和41.31%；处理A、处理B和处理C的经济产量比CK分别增加了2 587.5、1 989.75 kg·hm-2和1 617.0　kg·hm-2。经方差分析，在1%水平下，处理A、处理B和处理C水分利用效率和经济产量与CK均有极显著的差异，且其各处理之间也有极显著的差异。综上所述，全膜覆土穴播是降雨资源高效利用和提高冬小麦产量的最佳覆膜方式，可在陇东旱塬区生产上推广应用。
英文摘要:
      Winter wheat Pingliang 43 was employed as the experiment material in this study to determine the effects of different film mulching methods on soil water content, soil temperature and yield of winter wheat. Different plastic film mulching treatments, including whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch seeding (A), whole plastic-film mulching and bunch seeding (B), furrow drilling beside plastic film (C), and open drill seeding (CK) were implemented on winter wheat from 2012 to 2014 in the Xiazhai village, Caofeng town, Kongtong district, Pingliang city. The results showed that film mulching could significantly improve the soil water content and ground temperature from the seedling emergence stage to the jointing stage of winter wheat, and influence by the film mulching on surface soil water content and ground temperature was greater than that on the deep soil. The soil water content by different treatments followed the order of A>B>C>CK, and the soil temperature followed the order of B>A>C>CK (The difference between A and B is small). After the heading stage of winter wheat, changes of soil water content and ground temperature by different treatments were similar to, or even smaller than those by the control. Effects by different treatments on water use efficiency and yield followed the order of A>B>C>CK. Compared to the control, the water use efficiencies by treatment A, B and C were increased by 83.75%, 63.48% and 41.31%, respectively. The economic outputs by treatment A, B and C were increased by 2 587.5 kg·hm-2, 1 989.75 kg·hm-2 and 1 617.0 kg·hm-2, respectively. Variance analysis showed that water use efficiencies and economic yields by treatments A and B and C, were extremely significant different from CK at the 1% level, and there was also a very significant difference between the treatments. In conclusion, the whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and bunch seeding is the best film mulching method which can improve rainfall resources utilization and raise the yield of winter wheat. It can be applied in the drought plateau of the eastern Gansu Province.
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