| 赵佐平,段敏,同延安.不同施肥技术对不同生态区苹果产量及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(5):158~165 |
| 不同施肥技术对不同生态区苹果产量及品质的影响 |
| Effects of different fertilizations on yield and fruit quality of Fuji apple in different ecological regions |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.05.24 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 施肥技术 产量 品质 水肥一体化 |
| 英文关键词:apple fertilizer application technology quality yield soil fertility integration of water and fertilizer |
| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203045）；农业部农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NO.201501) ；陕西省2011协同创新中心项目（QBXT-Z(P)-15-5） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 连续3年在渭北和关中苹果园进行了水肥施肥技术研究。结果表明：因不同生态区环境条件和果园自身土壤及肥力等存在差异, 水肥施用技术对苹果生产的影响差异较大。渭北旱塬NPK（W）水肥处理平均产量为41.14 t·hm-2，较传统NPK施肥处理，增产7.7%。纯收益为22.2万元·hm-2，产值净增1.13万元·hm-2。外观品质分析，单果重达244.4 g，果径大于80 mm以上占71.64%，糖酸比为43.96。果实N、P、K累积量分别增加35.9%，74.4%和43.9%。1/2NPK(W)水肥处理对苹果生产的影响基本不显著。关中试验园1/2NPK（W）水肥处理产量高达78.5 t·hm-2，较NPK传统施肥增产11.01%。纯收益为53.71万元·hm-2，产值净增5.24万元·hm-2。外观品质分析，1/2NPK（W）水肥处理单果重高达367.7 g，果径大于80 mm以上占89.95%，糖酸比为24.57。果实N、P、K累积量分别增加42.1%，97.7%和59.1%。其他缺素施肥处理(PK，NK，NP), 产量和品质均显著低于水肥处理。渭北旱塬区和关中平原区果园水肥施用技术均能显著提高苹果产量和改善品质, 但其效果存在明显差异，实践中需因地制宜，根据果园实际情况, 采用适宜的水肥用量以求达到高产、高效和优质的目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to ascertain the similarities and differences in effects of fertigation on apple production in orchards of diffrent ecological regions, two field experiments with six treatments were selected for orchard in different ecological regions. NPK tradition, NPK fertigation, 1/2NPK fertigation, PK, NK and NP were used to explore the effects of fertigation on apple production, quality and fruit nutrient absorption. The results showed that due to the differences in ecological conditions, soil types and fertility levels of orchards in different ecological regions, the fertigation effects on apple production were obviously distinct. In the Weibei dry-land, compared to NPK (traditional fertilization), the yield by NPK fertigation treatment was 41.14 t·hm-2, increased by 7.7%, and the net income was increased by 11.3 thousand yuan per hectare. Sugar acid ratio was increased by 15.1%, the N, P and K uptakes of fruit were increased by 35.9%, 74.4% and 43.9%, respectively. However, no significant increases were noted in apple yield, fruitquality and fruit nutrient uptake under 1/2NPK (W) treatment in Weibei Dry-land. In the Guanzhong plain, compared with traditional NPK fertilization, the yield of 1/2NPK fertigation treatment was 78.5 t·hm-2, increased by 11.01%, and the net income was increased by 52.4 thousand yuan per hectare. The N, P and K uptakes of fruit were increased by 42.1%, 97.7% and 59.1%, respectively. However, NPK fertigation merely increased the yield by 2.48%, and nutrient uptake of fruit was not significantly increased. In conclusion, fertigation management significantly increased yield and fruit quality of apple orchards in different ecological regions in Shaanxi Province. However, the effectiveness of fertigation management differed apparently due to differences in ecological conditions in different regions. Therefore, the use of optimal fertilizer application rates in fertigation management was strongly recommended. The specific conditions of orchards formed the basis of optimal fertilizer application rates for high yields, fruit qualities, fertilizer use efficiencies and economic benefits. |
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