水氮供应对温室黄瓜叶绿素含量及光合速率的影响

李静; 李志军; 张富仓; 方栋平; 王海东

李静,李志军,张富仓,方栋平,王海东.水氮供应对温室黄瓜叶绿素含量及光合速率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(5):198~204

水氮供应对温室黄瓜叶绿素含量及光合速率的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen supply on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of greenhouse cucumber

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2016.05.30

中文关键词: 温室黄瓜水氮供应滴灌施肥叶绿素含量光合速率

英文关键词:greenhouse cucumber water and nitrogen supply fertigation chlorophyll content photosynthetic rate

基金项目:“十二五”国家863计划项目课题“农田水肥联合调控技术与设备”（2011AA100504）；教育部高等学校创新引智计划项目（B12007）

作者	单位
李静	西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100 陕西省土地工程建设集团, 陕西西安 710075
李志军	西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
张富仓	西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
方栋平	西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
王海东	西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,中国旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

利用温室小区试验，以黄瓜“博耐9-1”为供试品种，设置3个灌水水平：低水W₁（60% ET₀）、中水W₂（80% ET₀）和高水W₃（100% ET₀），全生育期灌水量分别为126、152 mm和177 mm；4个施氮水平：无氮N₀（0）、低氮N₁（180 kg·hm^-2）、中氮N₂（360 kg·hm^-2）和高氮N₃（540 kg·hm^-2），共12个处理，研究了不同水氮供应对温室黄瓜叶绿素含量和光合速率的影响。结果表明：黄瓜叶绿素含量随着生育期的推进呈现先增加后降低的趋势，在盛果期取得最大值。在同一施氮水平条件下，灌水量的提高对叶绿素含量的提高均起到了促进作用。其中叶绿素总含量在W₃N₃处理下取得最大值，为12.32 mg·g^-1，且与W₂N₂处理之间无显著差异。在各水氮供应条件下，黄瓜叶片的净光合速率日变化呈现单峰曲线，不施氮肥或严重亏水均会显著影响作物的净光合速率，而适量的节水节肥不仅能节约农业成本，且相比于充分灌水施肥，作物也能达到较好的净光合速率。在光照较强较稳定的情况下，W₂处理下黄瓜叶片净光合速率达到最大值。从总体变化趋势看，W₂N₂处理（80% ET₀，N 360 kg·hm^-2）可认为是基于本试验条件下较适宜的水氮组合。

英文摘要:

Choosing ‘Bonai 9-1’ as the test cultivar, the greenhouse plot experiment was subjected to three irrigation water levels W₁ (60% ET₀), W₂ (80% ET₀) and W₃ (100% ET₀), the irrigation of the whole growth period of cucumber were 126, 152 mm and 177 mm, respectively, in interaction with four nitrogen fertilization levels ［N₀ (0 kg·hm^-2), N₁ (180 kg·hm^-2), N₂ (360 kg·hm^-2), N₃ (540 kg·hm^-2)］, and there were 12 treatments in total. The effects of different water and nitrogen supply on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of greenhouse cucumber were investigated. The results showed that: the chlorophyll content of cucumber showed an increasing trend and then decreasing with the growth progress, and obtained the maximum in full fruit. Improving irrigation played a catalytic role on chlorophyll content under the same nitrogen level. The maximum of total chlorophyll content which was 12.32 mg·g^-1 was obtained under W₃N₃ treatment, and had no significant differences with W₂N₂ treatment. Under the various water and nitrogen supply conditions, the diurnal variation of Pn of cucumber appeared unimodal curve. No nitrogen or severe water deficit significantly affected net photosynthetic rate of cucumber, and appropriate water and fertilizer saving management not only could save the cost of agriculture, but also could achieve the better net photosynthetic rate comparing to full irrigation and fertilization. The net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves obtained the maximum under treatment W₂ with a stronger and more stable light irradiation. Comparing the general trend, W₂N₂ treatment (80% ET₀, N 360 kg·hm^-2) was the more appropriate combination of water and nitrogen based on the experimental conditions.

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